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JAPANAUTO-OILPROGRAMInvestigationsoftheimpactof10%ethanolblendedfuelsonperformancesofsoldgasolinevehiclesintheJapanesemarketFeb22,2011ToshiyukiHiroseADVANCEDTECNOLOGYANDRESEARCHINSTITUTEJAPANPETROLEUMENERGYCENTER2BasedontherecognitionthatresearchontheuseofE10gasolineshouldbeconducted,technicalissuesforfuturefuelsandmotorvehiclesandtheirmeasuresarebeingexamined.Japan’senergystrategyrequiresreducingoildependenceintransportsector,sothatintroductionofbiofuels,especiallyforbio-ethanol,isakeysolutiontofueldiversification.Objectives*E10gasoline:ablendof10%ethanoland90%gasoline3CharacteristicsofethanolusedforblendingintogasolineH:HydrogenC:CarbonO:OxygenStrongpolarity(similartocharacteristicsofwater)C2H5-O-HnSignificantincreaseinvaporpressurenExcesschangesindistillationcharacteristicsnOxygenatedcompound（O:35mass%)nLowLHV(comparedtoGasoline)nImpactofstrongpolaritysubstancesonFuelqualityDamagetofuelsystemcomponentsMetalcorrosion,swellingofrubbermaterialsIncreaseinevaporativeemissionsPossibleissuewithvehiclesFuelcharacteristicstobeconsideredIncreaseinexhaustemissions•Productionfromcarbohydratesofsugarcanesandotherfeedstocksthroughfermentationmethod•SinglechemicalsubstanceexpressedbyC2H5OH(MW:46)Boilingpoint:78˚C•Highoxygencontent(35mass%)•Moleculeshavelocallystrongpolarity(-O-H),sothatthecharacteristicsaresignificantlydifferentfrompetroleumfuelsDegradationindriveability/startability4Impactof10%ethanolblendingondistillationcharacteristics/Impactofhighboilingpointfractions・T50isanimportantcharacteristicthataffectstailpipeemissionsandvehicledriveability,sothataconcernisraisedabouttheimpactofblending10%ethanolintogasoline.・WhenT50valuesarecontrolledusingfeedstockswithhighboilingpoint,T90canbeincreasedashighastheupperlimitofJISrange.020406080100120140160180200020406080100E1050T50：JISrangeT90:JISrange90E0307010E10Distillationtemperature(?C)Amountofdistillate(vol%)020406080100120140160180200020406080100E10E1050T50：JISrangeT90:JISrange90E0E0307010E10E10Distillationtemperature(?C)Amountofdistillate(vol%)T50:75-110˚CImpactondriveability/emissions5EventhoughnodifferencesareobservedinthevaporpressurebetweenethanolblendsandconventionalgasolineatthetemperatureformeasuringRVP(37.8˚C),whichisaparameterofJIS,thedifferencesinvaporpressureincreasewithincreasingtemperature,sothatconcernsareraisedabouttheimpactonevaporativeemissionsanddriveabilityathightemperatures.Impactofethanolblendingongasolinevaporpressure010203040506070800102030405060708090100エタノール混合率（vol.％）RVP（kPa）Ethanolblendingwithgasoline(RVP:63kPa)10203040506070温度(℃）RVP測定温度(37.8℃）燃料ﾀﾝｸ温度（55℃前後）蒸気発生量増大020406080100120140160180200E0gasolineE3gasolineE10gasoline020406080100120140160180200Thelocalmaximumisachievedinarangeofblendingratiofrom3to15%Ethanolblendingratio(vol%)Temperature(˚C)Fueltanktemperature(around55˚C)IncreasedevaporativeemissionsTemperatureformeasuringRVP(37.8˚)6Impactof10%ethanolblendingonfuelquality沸点の異なる基材で調整JIS下限を下回る可能性蒸気圧(RVP)7kPa程度増加(高温の蒸発量増加)ブタンを抜くなどで調整高温での蒸発量増加の影響⇒車両蒸発ガス材料適合性(ゴム)ゴム材の透過－透過の影響⇒車両蒸発ガス金属腐食酸化安定性への影響有り？ゴム材、樹脂の膨潤ガム分増加等の影響有り?車両性能の主な課題研究項目①排出ガス、燃費/CO2への影響調査②運転性能への影響調査・T50（高温側）の影響の把握・T50（低温側）の影響の把握従来と異なる蒸留特性の影響⇒排出ガス⇒運転性（低T50：高温運転性）③車両蒸発ガスへの影響調査・透過の影響把握(駐停車時）・高温での蒸発量増加の影響把握(運転時)車両燃料システムへの影響④材料による燃料性状への影響調査エタノール１０％混合による燃料品質への影響保存安定性（金属、ゴム、樹脂）蒸留性状50%蒸留温度１０℃程度低下燃料品質燃料の想定される主な課題FuelqualityDistillationcharacteristicsT50Vaporpressure(RVP)Materialcompatibility(Rubbermaterials)StorageStability(Metal,rubberandresinmaterials)Impactof10%ethanolblendingonfuelqualityIssuesenvisionedinfuelqualityIssuesenvisionedinvehicleperformanceResearchitemDecreasedbyabout10˚CIncreasedbyabout7kPa(Increasedevaporationathightemperatures)RubberpermeationMetalcorrosionSwellingofrubberandresinmaterialsControlledusingfeedstockswithdifferentboilingpointsCouldfallbelowthelowerlimitofJISControlledusingfeedstocks(e.g.butaneremoval)Isthereanyimpactonoxidativestability?Isthereanyimpactonfuelproperties(e.g.willexistentgumcontentincrease?ImpactofdistillationcharacteristicsfarfromthoseofconventionalgasolineÞExhaustemissionsÞVehicledriveability(LowT50:Driveabilityathightemperatures)ImpactofincreasedevaporationathightemperaturesÞVehicleevaporativeemissionsImpactofpermeationÞVehicleevaporativeemissionsImpactonvehiclefuelsystems1)Studyoftheimpactonexhaustemissionsandfueleconomy/CO2emissions2)Studyoftheimpactonvehicledriveability-IdentifytheimpactofT50(onthehightemperatureside)-IdentifytheimpactofT50(onthelowtemperatureside)3)Studyoftheimpactonvehicleevaporativeemissions-Identifytheimpactofpermeation(duringvehicleparking)-Identifytheimpactofincreasedevaporationathightemperatures(duringvehicleoperation)4)Studyoftheimpactofmaterialsonfuelproperties7Impactof10%ethanolblendingonfuelquality沸点の異なる基材で調整JIS下限を下回る可能性蒸気圧(RVP)7kPa程度増加(高温の蒸発量増加)ブタンを抜くなどで調整高温での蒸発量増加の影響⇒車両蒸発ガス材料適合性(ゴム)ゴム材の透過－透過の影響⇒車両蒸発ガス金属腐食酸化安定性への影響有り？ゴム材、樹脂の膨潤ガム分増加等の影響有り?車両性能の主な課題研究項目①排出ガス、燃費/CO2への影響調査②運転性能への影響調査・T50（高温側）の影響の把握・T50（低温側）の影響の把握従来と異なる蒸留特性の影響⇒排出ガス⇒運転性（低T50：高温運転性）③車両蒸発ガスへの影響調査・透過の影響把握(駐停車時）・高温での蒸発量増加の影響把握(運転時)車両燃料システムへの影響④材料による燃料性状への