11TheStudyonaStatusofEvaporativeEmissionsonRunningLoss-LightPassengerVehicle(UnleadGasoline)-TRANSPORTATIONPOLLUTIONRESEARCHCENTERNATIONALINSTITUTEOFENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH22.FEB,2011PetroleumTechnologyCongress201122Contents1.Introduction2.TestMethod&Fuel3.RunningLossEmissionResult4.Summary&Conclusion33Contents1.Introduction44THC(VOCs)EmissionfromVehicle&FuelSupplyEngineCrankCasePaint,Tire,Plastic….FuelSystemTailpipeExhaustRefuelling55EquipmentforEvaporativeEmissionsControlFuelTankCanisterPurgeValveEngineIntake66PurposeandnecessityofthisStudyRevisionofEvaporativeEmissions(DBL)RegulationinKorea(‘09)1g/test(1hr)→2g/test(24hr)DBLstandardfrom’02to’08is1g/test(1hr)It’smorestrongerthanEurope(2g/test)However,CARBhasthestrongestRegulation(0.5g/test)NIER,TPRCsetuptheRunningLossDyno(‘09)NIER,TPREisNationalCertificationInstituteforEmissionTestAFeasibilityStudyforRunningLossTestMethodinKoreaApplicationTestforRLMethodandEstablishmentforRegulationStandard77IntroductionEvaporativeEmissionsRegulationofVehicleEPA,CARB,EUTestMethodEvaporativeEmissionsRegulationinKorea,USAandEuropeTestMethods(DBL,RL)formeasuringEvaporativeEmissionsEffectonEvaporativeEmissionsaccordingtoGasolineRVPGasolineReidVaporPressureinKoreaStandardofVaporpressure:60kPa(June~August)EvaporativeEmissionsGasolineofRVP50,60,65and70wereappliedtoVehicleinthisstudyEffectonEvaporativeEmissionsaccordingtoAtmosphericTemperatureEvaporativeEmissionsCharacteristicsaccordingtoAtmosphericTemperatureEffectonEvaporativeemissionsbyTemperatureConditionEffectonEvaporativeemissionsaccordingtoseason88VOCsEmissioninSeoulVOCsinSeoul0%10%20%30%40%50%0204060801002000200120022003200420052006VOCs(천톤)연도전체도로이동오염원비율VOCs(kton)TotalVehicleRatioyearSource:NIER,CAPPS99ClassificationEvaporativeEmissionsfromVehiclesSource:JPEC,HaruyaTanaka1010Contents2.TestMethod&Fuel1111AboutTestFuelTestFuelofLimitedRVP(ReidVaporPressure)BaseFuelmadebySKEnergy•TargetRVP:50,60,65,70•RVPTest:ASTM5191(miniMethod)-TestInstrument:Septa•TestFuelKeepTemperaturebelow4℃•MTBEAdditivesforOctaneImproverinKoreaModificationFuelforTargetRVP•N2(UltraPurity)Gas:DownRVP1212TestFuelPropertiesFuelPropertyResultRVP(kPa)49.260.364.870.5Benzene(vol%)0.280.270.270.26Olefine(vol%)10.710.610.510.4Aromatics(vol%)9.19.08.88.7Oxygencontent(wt%)1.521.511.491.47Sulfur(wtppm)5555Distillation(℃)10%59.957.556.254.250%91.291.191.091.090%155.1157.8159.6161.81313TestVehiclesSpecificationsVehicleA(LDV)B(MDV)Regulation2006(ULEV)2006(ULEV)Displacement(L)1.62.0EngineTypePFIPFIFuelSystemPFIPFITankCapacity(L)4060TankLocationUnderFloorUnderFloorTankMaterialMetalMetalCanisterCapacity(G)3925CanisterMaterialPlasticPlastic1414DBLTestProcedureKoreaandEPAEuropeStartPre-ConditionTest(UDDS)FuelDrain&Fill:40%FullCanisterCharge50/50:Buthane/N2,40±2g/hr,2gBTFTP-75TestSoaking(12~36hr)DBLTest(22.2~35℃)(korea:1day,EPA:3day)ENDStartFuelDrain&Fill:40%Full(FuelTemp.:18±8℃)ECE15+EUDCTestSoaking(12~36hr,20~30℃)ECE15+EUDCTestECE15TestDBLTest(20~35℃)(1day)ENDCanisterCharge:2gBTSoaking(6~36hr,20~30℃)1515DBLTestProcedure1520253035404504812162024Time(Hour)(℃)온도&유럽일본CARBEPASHEDTemp.RangeKorea,EPA:22.2~35.6℃CARB:18.3~40.6℃EURO:20.0~35.0℃RVPRegulationEPA:60~63.4kPaCARB:46~48kPaEURO:56~60kPaKorea:60kPa↓(June~August)Euro&JapanTemp.(℃)1616ProcedureofRLTestKoreaandEPAStartPre-ConditionTest(UDDS)Purge&loadofCanisterFuelDrain&Fill:40%FullCanisterChargeFTP-75TestENDRLTest(UDDS+NYCC+UDDS)1717FuelTempControlProfileforRL―FuelTemp.(℃)―VehicleSpeed(km/h)1818CanisterChargeEquipmentforCanisterCharge(HORIBA)CanisterChargeC3H8:N2=50:50DBL2gbreakthroughFlowrate:40g/hrRL1.5XCanisterCapacityFlowrate:15g/hr1919Contents3.RunningLossTestResult2020EvaporatedRegulationResult(’09)0.3561.14236%57%00.511.51hr24hr증발가스(g/test)및기준대비비율(%)주간증발가스시험방법주간증발가스기준대비비율TestMethodEvaporativeEmissions(g/test)RatioDBLLimitRatio2121ComparisonamongDBLTestResultsofKorea,EPA,CARBandEUaccordingtotestmethod1.1423.1222.7480.94401234국내EPACARB유럽증발가스(g/test)KoreaEPACARBEUROEvaporativeEmissions(g/test)2222TestResultsofDBLduring3daysEPAResultCARBResult2323TestResultsatKoreaandEUDBL10.020.030.040.050.060.070.00200400600800100012001400시간(분)탄화수소농도(PPMc)20.030.040.050.0온도('C)증발가스(국내)증발가스(EURO)SHED온도(국내)SHED온도(EURO)THCConc.(PPMc)Time(min)Temp.(℃)EvaporativeEmissions(Korea)EvaporativeEmissions(EURO)SHEDTemp.(Korea)SHEDTemp.(EURO)2424EvaporativeEmissionsResultforDBL0.01.02.03.04.00510152005101520단위시간당증발가스발생량(ppm/hr)초기온도와의차이('C)시험시간(hr)초기밀폐실온도와의차이단위시간당증발가스발생량y=0.820e0.071xR²=0.98801230481216단위시간당증발가스발생량(ppm/hr)초기온도와의차이('C)y=0.284e0.144xR²=0.97201230481216단위시간당증발가스발생량(ppm/hr)초기온도와의차이('C)ResultsofTemp.VariationandEvaporativeEmissionsfor24hrTemp.risingTemp.decentSHEDTempVariationTHCEmissionResultTESTHoursTHCEmissionResult(ppm/hr)SHEDTempVariationTHCEmissionResult(ppm/hr)THCEmissionResult(ppm/hr)SHEDTempVariationSHEDTempVariation2525DBLResultofRealAtmosphericTemperature(SummerandFall)1.11410.4730.35700.511.54550556065주간증발가스(g/test)증기압(kPa)여름철가을철SummerAVGTempFallAVGTempEvaporativeEmissions(g/test)kPaSummerFall2626ComparisonofRLResultCARB2727Compa