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MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology高明规划工作室MIT|DEPARTMENTOFURBANSTUDIESANDPLANNINGGAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOSPRING2005SchoolofArchitectureandPlanningDepartmentofUrbanStudiesandPlanning77MassachusettsAvenueCambridgeMA02139USAMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology高明规划工作室GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOMITDEPARTMENTOFURBANSTUDIESandPLANNING|SPRING2005麻省理工学院都市研究和规划系|2005年春23在高明规划MIT|GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOTABLEOFCONTENTS目录Preface序5Background背景6StudioObjectives高明工作室目标7Process步骤8TheReport报告11ExecutiveSummary综合摘要12FIRSTIMPRESSIONS第一印象Introduction序言15RegionalContext区域背景16StreetsandTransportation街道与交通20Riverfront水滨地区25Housing,Density,andLandUse住房，密度和土地利用31SITEANALYSIS当地状况分析Introduction序言35LandUseandTransportation土地利用和交通37Hydrology水文状况43Streets街道51Housing住房59Villages村庄71Waterfront水滨77OpenSpace开放空间8523在高明规划MIT|GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOPLANNINGFRAMEWORKS规划框架Introduction序言93Re-buildingtheUrbanCanal重建都市秀丽河95BalancingUrbanGrowth平衡城市增长109Gaoming:AMaturingCity高明：一个成熟中的城市121GreeningGaoming绿化高明133NetworkCityGaoming高明：网络之城139DESIGNANDPLANNINGTYPOLOGIES设计和规划类型Introduction序言153Water水155Transportation交通170DensityandForm:High-Density密度和形式：高密度186DensityandForm:Mid-Density密度和形式：中等密度195CivicCenters市政中心205ExploringCulturalGeometries探索文化几何231VillageRegeneration乡村重建243ConclusionsandReflections综述及思考251Acknowledgments致谢252Sources资料来源254Credits工作室成员25745在高明规划MIT|GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIO45在高明规划MIT|GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOPREFACE序Gaoming—oneofthefivedistrictsofFoshanCity—islocatedinthenorthwestofthePearlRiverDelta(PRD),thefastestgrowingandmostproductiveregionofChina.Thedistricthashistoricallybeenanagriculturalareawithgreenrollinghillsandpaddyfields.ItislocatedontheWestbranchofthePearlRiverwithwateraccesstoallofthemajorcitiesintheDeltaandinlandtoGuangxi.GaomingDistricthasapopulationofabout250,000withaplanneddoublingofitssizeinthenextfewdecadestofulfillitsroleintheongoingurbanizationofFoshanCity(totalpopulationofabout5.5million).FoshanCityandGaomingDistrictarerapidlydevelopingintoasingleurbanareathatwillassumeanimportantroleasthePRDcontinuestointegrateeconomicallyandsocially.Gaomingispresentlyengagedinplanningforitsfutureasabalancedcitywithindustryandagriculturewhilemaintainingastrongemphasisonsustainabilityandenvironmentalquality.Thedistrictrecentlycompleteditsmasterplan,aplanningeffortinwhichseveraldesigninstitutesandaHongKongplanningfirmgeneratedideasfortheentiredistrictandforanewcentralareaalongtheriver.佛山市五个区之一的高明坐落于中国发展最迅速、最具生产能力的珠江三角洲的西北部。自古以来就是有着绵延起伏的山丘和稻田的农业产区。它拥有珠江的支流－西江，水路可以通向珠江三角洲的各个主要城市，直至广西。高明现有人口25万，计划在未来几十年人口数量将翻倍以适应佛山市（总人口达550万）总体城市化的需要。在珠江三角洲继续实现经济和社会协调发展的同时佛山市和高明区将会迅速发展成为具有重要作用的都市区。高明现在致力于将未来规划成一个工业和农业平衡发展的城市，同时又重视可持续发展和环境质量。高明最新的总体规划是由几家设计机构和一家香港规划公司共同完成的，它是整个地区和沿河新中心区的构想。67在高明规划MIT|GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOBACKGROUND背景2005年春，美国麻省理工学院建筑与规划学院的一个城市规划工作组探讨了高明的未来发展。由溢达集团赞助的高明工作室是麻省理工学院城市设计与发展组创办的一系列国内外工作室之一。这些工作室在一个充满活力的背景下，研究目前城市规划和设计的课题。近年来，这些工作室为波士顿、华盛顿、智利、新加坡、英国和西班牙等的一些地区和项目提出过设想。同以上这些努力相同，高明工作室的重点是为计划在西江沿岸开发的新中心区提供规划和设计上的选择。项目委托人和工作组对与寻找将水/水文因素与现代城市发展综合起来的新途径尤为感兴趣，包括分水岭和自然生态系统保护、休闲娱乐活动、住房、交通和旅游观光。高明工作室的教学目标是引导从不同背景（建筑、环境规划、国际发展和政策）来的学生通过设计和规划来解决问题，同时在工作中受益并培养技能。除了这些教学目的，还有更重要的公共目的。一直以来政府希望提高和促进公众对高明现有设计和政策问题的理解和讨论。于是高明工作室与高明区和佛山市的官员一同工作，希望可以从工作室的建议中受益。Inthespringof2005,anurbanplanningstudioattheMas-sachusettsInstituteofTechnology’sSchoolofArchitectureandPlanningexaminedthefutureofGaoming.Thisstudio,sponsoredbytheEsquelGroup,isoneofaseriesofdomesticandinternationalstudiosandworkshopscarriedoutbyMIT’sCityDesignandDevelopmentgroup.Thesestudiosinvestigatecurrenturbanplanningandcitydesignissuesinadynamicset-ting.Inrecentyears,thesestudioshaveputforwardideasforareasandsitesinBoston,Washington,DC,Chile,Singapore,EnglandandSpainamongothers.Tocomplementtheseefforts,thestudiofocusedonplanninganddesignoptionsfortheproposednewcentralareaalongtheWestRiver.Ofparticularinteresttoourclientandtothestudiogroupwastheexplorationofnewwaysofintegratingwater/hydrologicalfactorsintoamoderncity-includingwater-shedandnaturalecosystemprotection,recreationalactivities,housing,transportation,andtourism.Thestudio’spedagogicobjectivesweretointroducestudentsfromdifferentbackgrounds(architecture,environmentalplan-ning,internationaldevelopment,andpolicy)totheissuesthatcanbeaddressedthroughdesignandplanning,aswellastothetechniquesandvaluesthatmustbeengagedinthattask.Beyondtheseeducationalpurposes,thereisalsoawiderim-portantpublicobjective.Typically,therehasbeenaconcertedefforttostimulatepublicunderstandinganddebateaboutacurrentdesignorpolicyissueinthatlocale.Thus,thestudioworkedwithourclient—officialsoftheDistrictofGaomingandFoshanMunicipality—whowouldhopefullybenefitfromtheproposalsthatthestudiogenerated.67在高明规划MIT|GAOMINGPLANNINGSTUDIOSTUDIOOBJECTIVES高明工作室目标目标Usingaholisticapproach,thestudiosoughttoaddresssuchissuesasrecreation,transportation,ecology,economicdevelopment,andcommunitydevelopmentinanumberofways,including:•Compilinganinventoryofthefeaturesthataffectthesiteandthegivenproblem;•Analyzingthesefactorstoassessopportunitiesandconstraintsthatthesiteandsurroundingareaafford;•Evaluatingthe