【管理教学类】环境化学（修订版）

111213141516BFccbe=-()13dPdTHRTHvvln,=25.g=T10g/cm.s1.5-6mTbT+iiiMR=-()21RdMdPdMdiiii==-⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟PRii+=-022()R+RR+R+RR+RR+RR+RR+R12152131512124125251521535&&&===⎧⎨⎩⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪VVSKSm=+-max[][]()2311123VKVSVm=+-maxmax[](')CO+HO+PNO222─→──⎛⎝⎜⎜⎜⎞⎠⎟⎟⎟+6CO6HOCHO+6O2261262─→───NH+3/2ONO+2H+HO+271kJNO+1/2ONO+75kJ4+2+222-2-3-─→─────→───6CO+6HOCHO+6O2261262─→──212212222222OHHOOeHOOHehvhv-─→─++─→─++-+-//CO+2HSCHO+2S+HO2222hv─→─2310kg2HO2H+O222uv─→─OO+O2uv─→──+ATP-6-+ADP─→──────→────→──NHCO+2HONHCO2NH+CO+HO222423322─→───152621123644323223572NHHCOONOHOHCOCHON+--++─→──+++()HSSSOSOSOOO2222342()─→──→─-24’xmKcawn=12-41n--1nxmKcaw=1=’KTcpMdw=1202-6’BFccbw=27KMVMVggggBFMVMVggggKMVMVgLgLKMVassssss=⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟=⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟=⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟=%/(%)%/(%)//%(%)%(%)//%/(%)%/(%)//%/(%)%'ρρμμρρμμμμMVgLgLKMVMVggggaaasssswswsw/(%)//%/(%)%/(%)//'μμρρμμ⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟=⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟%%%.%%%%'%%''%%.MwKaVssVwBFVfVwKdVaVwKdVswVwKaKdVsVw=++++•+-⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥⎧⎨⎩⎫⎬⎭100251251114.NHNONO32-3-OO22─→──→─⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎧⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪52010nmcm⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟353839310WQI=3-2120dKdTHRTHln()=-Δ242lg.CCHRTT2112230311=-⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥ΔCCPpp212510131043=---.()42lg..lg.lg..KTKsTKsTHS=-=-=-1376145218534746219927812[][][][][][][][][]SOHOKpsoHSOKsSOHOHKKspsoHSOKsHSOHKKsKspsoHHSHSHS22231221232231222==+===-+--++[()][][][][][]()*SSOHOHSOSOKpsoKsHKsKsHKpsoHSHS=++=++⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥=---++22332211222149αααSOHSOSOHOSOHOSKsHKsKsHHSOSHKsKsHSOSHKsHKs23323222211223121141014111221==++⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥-==++⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥-==++++-++----++[][()][][]()[][()][][]()[][()][][]Ks21412⎡⎣⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥⎥--()[][]()NONOppKKNONO32122413--=-43[]()/NOKpKpNONO31232142414-=⎡⎣⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥⎥-[]()[]/NOKppNONONO221232--=⋅⋅[]()/NOKpKpNONO223312142415-=⎡⎣⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥⎥-[][][]()HNOHNOKaqn224=+-[]()()/HNOKppKaqNONOn2242122416=⋅⋅⎛⎝⎜⎜⎞⎠⎟⎟-———44ββ==--==--dcdpHdcdpHcpHcpHBABA()()420421ΔΔΔΔ45KHCHCOCOp=[]232*KCHHCOHCO1323=+-[][][*]KCHCOHCO2323=+--[][][]46[][][]&[]()*()()HCOCOHCOCOaqaq232232422=+=-αααHCOHCOCTKcHKcKcHHCOHCOCTHKcKcHCOCOCHKcHKcKcT2323111221331121323212212*[*][][][][][][][][]=⎡⎣⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥⎥=⎡⎣⎢⎢⎤⎦⎥⎥⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥=+++•+---=++++--=-=++++a[H]=[CKc]=2.9810pH=4.5c[H]=[KcKc]=4.5710pH=8.3e[H]=KcKC=1.5310pH=10.8+T10.5-5+120.5-9+2wT0.5-11&&&•⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟[][][]lg[]lg[]**HKcHCOHCOpHpKcHCOHCO+--==-[phone][][][]lg[]lg[]HKcHCOHCOpHpKHCOCOC+==-+----222332332[]&[][][]*()().HCOCOKpcoKHCOCOaqHCsaq22223228310====-lg[]&lg[]*()HCOCOaq223=pH=5.6pHpH5.6&[][][][][]()AlkCOHCOOHH=++-----[phone][][][]COKcHCOH3223--+=[][][][][]()HCOAlkOHHKcH32221424--++=-++-[][][][][](COAlkOHHHKc32222--++=-++4-25)[][]CaKCOKCspspTCO23232+--==•α[][]()CaHCOpcoK2322427+-=-=4πδqD4-29=--()()12218430gdMMLMLMLMLLKLKLKiLKnin─→──→──→──→─122KMLMLLiii=-[][][]()1βiiiMLML=[][][]MMLMLMLMLHLKHLKHLKiHLKin─→───→───→───→──****122ΛΛ*()[][][][]KMLHMLHLiii=+-1*[][][][]βiiiiMLHMHL=+βnmmnmnMLML=[][][]*[][][][]βnmmnnmnMLHMHL=+49σσθθaphbAhIHnEHn=---=-+-∑()()()ΔΔ431432ΔHhθ[()()]AlOHnSOnm2432-[()()]FeOHnSOnm2432-AYhAYAYAYAYOXYAOX++⎫⎬⎭++⎫⎬⎭ν***()σφRIAY=-σφλλ[]()434AsOHOOHAsO2-4-22g21218381854423NHHONOHe+-+-+++141222OHeHO+++-E=Eln[][]435θRTnF[][]EEn=+θ00591.log[][]pEpEnθθθ=E=E0.0591pE=pElg[][]005911436.()-pEEpE100591.ΔG=1879.42236.96110.39=-84.98kJθ----3818lg[][][][]///NHNOHenpEpE41831854+-+-==θθpEpENOHNH=+-++θlg[][][]///31854418pE=E/2.3RTF25pE=E/0.0591pHEERTFpoHHO=+⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟+θ42422ln[][]EpoHpoH=+=++++1230059141230014800591242..log([])..log.log[]EEHpH=++θ00591212.log[]/pEFeFe=+++130132.log[][]()KsFeH2221280102==++[][].()KsFeH333391103==++[][].()[][]HFeKs++=222pEKsHFe=+++130332.log[][]pEFeFeKsHKsHpH=+=+=-++++130130417323322.log[][].log[][].()θpEpENOHNHNONH=+=+-++-+θlog[][][].log[][]()/////216434162164165811pEpENOHNHNONH=+=+-++-+θlog[][][].log[][]()/////318544183184186152pEpENOHNONONO=+=+-+---θlog[][][].log[][]()////3122123122127153pEpEpoHpopoPa=+=+=+--θlog{[]}..log{}2142147224650208110110yxmKcawn==•1logloglogyKncaw=+1cyaycywmwm=+-()439KCaFKCaFCaFKCaOHCaOHsp======+--++-++-[][][][][][][][]221112225101025546NO+5CHOH+6H3N(g)+5CO+13HO3-3+222─→───────PbClBrPbClBr+1/2Brxyzxyz-12hv─→──K=0.33K=11K=760K2400KNHNaNHCaNHMgNH4+4+4+4+AAn=fD1-ennk1--ek⎫⎬⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎫⎬⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎫⎬⎪⎭⎪RCH(NH)COOH2RCOOHRCHOHCOOHRCHOHRCHRCHNH2322⎧⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪RCHCHCOOH+CHOHCHOHCHOH2222RCHOHRCOOHRCHRHCHOCHOxyx23222⎧⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎫⎬⎪⎭⎪⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎫⎬⎪⎭⎪()()dNdtkNNNeNNkttktt===+-00000061lnln()dMdtkM=0ThODThODThODaThODbThODbcThODbdThODBODBODBODeNBBBBBBuuk⎧⎨⎩⎫⎬⎭⎧⎨⎪⎩⎪⎧⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪=---551162()CHCHCHCOOH333CHO+n2HOCHOCHO+HO2CHO6105n212221112221126126n2CHCHCHO32dLdtkL=-1LLeDkLkkeeDektktktkt=-=--+-----01021011226465()[]()CHCl6.BOD=BOD1-eu5-5k1tkkkkDkkkLc=---⎡⎣⎢⎤⎦⎥⎧⎨⎩⎫⎬⎭•11212102110ln()2.ThODThOC(/)(.).////tYtkLkLt1310013102301323343=+-xm=5.2cmmol/g0.2111111212112323232411112424222HHHHHHeHeHeHeHHHe++++++++++++βνβν()()()232411+242411+He+HeBe+Be+HB+BBe++Be+HeCC+HeOC+2HN++2+n474758584848612612816612714νHOH+O222hv─→─pgdhh=-∞∫ρ()71g,ρdhh∞∫uRTMa=-872π()dnkTp==•1212σσ73OO+O=230320nmOO+O242nmNN+N127nmHOH+HO200nm32222hvhvhvhv─→──→──→──→─NONO+e134.1nmOO+e102.6nmOO+e91.0nmNN+e85.2nmNN+e79.6nmhvhvhvhvhv+22+++22+─→──→──→──→──→─NOArCO22299%9996%99996%⎫⎬⎭⎫⎬⎪⎭⎪⎫⎬⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪..dpdTHRTsvln=Δ27-4P=es-H/RTvΔugrcms=--2975122()(/)()ρρηOO+OHOH+HO22hvhv─→──→─Cl2