三门峡水库运行模式对黄河下游水环境的影响

20049SHUILIXUEBAO91:0559-9350(2004)09-0009-09(100871)2070-TV632A[1],Chang[2]DoledecRhone19751991175[3]Galy-Lacaux196019804[4]BogenSvartisen[5][6][7][8][9]19721999:2003-04-21:(G1999043603):(1973-),,,,.20049SHUILIXUEBAO92()191.5%89%[10]19609151980111980/m/m3s-171030030516483431032410005631032474611123106671231032650001205020049SHUILIXUEBAO93--122.119721997QQKjj=(1)KjQjj1211212∑=−=iivyKKC(2)CvyKiK=8.33%K+Na+Ca2+Mg2+Cl-SO2-4HCO-3CO2-35()ioioijijijiQCQCI⋅−⋅=∆∑∑==5131(3)i12557103456111212j1233Ii-iCijijQijijCi0iQi0i20049SHUILIXUEBAO94()ioiijijijioQIQCC'/'5131∆−⋅=∑∑==(4)ilioioQQQ∆+='(5)CioiQioiQi1i2.2[11][12]ATNLR[13]∑=iiyearLL(6):Lyeari(1365366d)LiiLyearKjCvyKj/Cvy2220049SHUILIXUEBAO95390%[14,15]207020703.12070390[12]341976470456.7m/L2080492.4m/L2090591.1mg/L20708Ca2+10.0%Mg2+4.7%K+Na+14.1%Cl-14.8%SO2-420.9%CO2-30.6%HCO-334.6%25[14,15]5620049SHUILIXUEBAO96QQCQCCbbss+=(7)bsQQQ+=(8)CCCsb∆+=(9)QQCCCbs⋅∆+=(10)bssQQCCC/1+∆+=(11)CCsCbCQQsQbCsCQb(10)CQ56(11)CQs/QbQs/QbQs/Qb3.220049SHUILIXUEBAO9719921998235.54.614.1250.6m3657.4764.3528.3603.1mg/l782300m3/s3200m3/s434782/(m3s-1)/(mgL-1)7101062.534.668.51178.3606.3752.3489.6546.634911.53.733.0933.7615.11033.6577.1580.056443.72.740.3442.5615.4720.8547.8575.71112556.010.337.4634.8683.1702.7488.5635.112502.50.821.7495.0800.61164.9593.3708.720049SHUILIXUEBAO983(7.5kW)/(m3s-1)/(mgL-1)7101362.534.668.51478.3606.3752.3489.6558.7341211.53.733.01233.7615.11033.6577.1588.556743.72.740.3742.5615.4720.8547.8591.71112856.010.337.4934.8683.1702.7488.5650.512802.50.821.7795.0800.61164.9593.3743.44(5kW)/(m3s-1)/(mgL-1)710862.534.668.5978.3606.3752.3489.6534.434711.53.733.0733.7615.11033.6577.4570.456243.72.740.3242.5615.4720.8547.8543.01112356.010.337.4434.8683.1702.7488.5613.0112302.50.821.7295.0800.61164.9593.3646.44KjCvyKj/Cvy9Ln(Kj/Cvy)Ln(Lyear)10Ln(Kj/Cvy)Ln(Lyear)LyearKjCvyLyearLn(Kj/Cvy)Ln(Lyear)910Ln(Kj/Cvy)Ln(Lyear)20049SHUILIXUEBAO995571216(6)5-/(m3s-1)/(m3s-1)(%)7101062.534.668.51178.31165.61.0834911.53.733933.7948.2-1.5556443.72.740.3442.5486.7-9.99111255610.337.4634.8603.74.9012502.50.821.7495525-6.066-/(m3s-1)/(m3s-1)(%)710606.3752.3489.6546.6603.8-10.4634615.11033.6577.1580615.4-6.1056615.4720.8547.8575.7610.4-6.031112683.1702.7488.5635.1671.4-5.7212800.61164.9593.3708.7792.6-11.845KjCvy1.42300m3sKj/Cvy2.65200m3sKjCvy0.81(710)(112)500m3s(36)(34561.47%2.78%)KjCvy1.8420049SHUILIXUEBAO9101.4277/(m3s-1)/(mgL-1)7101062.534.668.51178.3606.3752.3489.6546.6341211.53.733.01233.7615.11033.6577.1588.556743.72.740.3742.5615.4720.8547.8591.71112556.010.337.4634.8683.1702.7488.5635.112502.50.821.7495.0800.61164.9593.3708.76[1]RosenbergDMBodalyRAUsherPJ.Environmentalandsocialimpactsoflargescalehydroelectricdevelopment[J].Globalenvironmentalchange-humanandpolicydimensions19955(2)127-148.[2]ChangSY,LiawSLRailsbackSF,SaleMJ.Modelingalternativesforbasin-levelhydropowerdevelopment1.Optimizationmethodsandapplications[J].WaterResourcesResearch199228(10)2581-2590.[3]DoledecSDessaixJTachetH.ChangeswithintheUpperRhoneRivermacrobenthiccommunitiesafterthecompletionofthreehydroelectricschemes[J].ArchivfurHydrobiologie1996136(1)19-40.[4]Galy-LacauxC,DelmasR,KouadioG,RichardSGosseP.Long-termgreenhousegasemissionsfromhydroelectricreservoirsintropicalforestregions[J].GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles199913(2)503-517.[5]BogenJBonsnesTE.TheimpactofahydroelectricpowerplantonthesedimentloadindownstreamwaterbodiesSvartisennorthernNorway[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment2001266(1-3)273-280.[6].[J].199713(3)79-83.[7].[J].199817(3)43-46.[8].[J].199820(3)1-8.[9].[J].2000,(10)88-89.[10].[M].,1995.[11].[A]..20049SHUILIXUEBAO911[C].2001.215-223.[12].[J].199817(2)125-130.[13].[J].200156(6)691-699.[14].6080[J].1999l9(5)500-505.[15].30[J].200019(2)97-102.ImpactofoperationmodeofSanmenxiaProjectonecologicalenvironmentinlowerreachesofYellowRiverWEIHong-lian,NIJin-ren,WANGYu-dong(PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China)Abstract:TheimpactofSanmenxiaHydroProjectonwaterqualityanddesiccationoflowerreachesinYellowRiverisstudiedaccordingtothemonitoringdataaccumulatedsincetheProjectwasputintooperation.Thetotalioncontent(TOC)istakenasthemajorindexforassessingthewaterqualityandthelengthofdesiccatedriversectioninthelowerreachesofYellowRiveristakenastheindexforevaluatingthelevelofdesiccation.Theeffectsofoperationmodeandincomingflowfromtributariesareanalyzed.ItisfoundthattheTOCisremarkablyvarieswiththeoutputdischargeoftheProjectandincomingwaterquality,andthedesiccationlevelisnotonlyrelatedtotheoutputdischargeoftheProjectbutalsotheincomingflowfromtributary.AnoptimizedoperationmodeforreducingtheTOCinflowandmitigatingtheriverdesiccationisproposed.Keywords:ecologicalenvironmentalimpact;YellowRiver;SanmenxiaProject;totalioncontent(TOC);lengthofdesiccatedriversection