专题1环境问题及其产生根源

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zzzzzz216216zz8470784484707844zzEE––mail:mail:xlqiao@dlut.edu.cnxlqiao@dlut.edu.cnzz==++zz40406655101040402020zz60601.1.2.2.3.3.4.4.5.5.6.6.zz11zz22zz33zz44zz55zzzzzzzzEnvironmentzzEnvironmentzzzz1.1.zz2.2.••••••••19301215360251002040195540019481026-316000201952125-8,40008000201949Hg1954CH3Hg196819781684————1919808019311931196819682582581281281977197712127979zzzz“”z[2]zzz“”z[3]1122[4][4]33[5][5]44[6][6]55[7][7]66[8.1[8.1\\8.2]8.2]77[9][9]8811zzzz353517171/31/31/41/470%70%50%50%zz600600WHOWHO20122012--33--13132424““””““””““””zzzzzz20122012--33--13132525““””““””““””zzzz45’2.1(Greenhouseeffect)1280020002CO21992154199712355’3(Acidrain)3.1AcidrainH2SO4HNO3HClpH5.65pH5.65,0-20%,;pH5.30--5.60,10--40%,;pH5.00--5.30,30-60%,;pH4.70--5.00,50-85%,;pH4.70,70-100%,3.23.33.41144“”80170104km290270104km220051/31/33.5•••“”•“”4(OzoneHole)610’4.1“”O2+h(240nm)O+OO2+OO34.21.2.3.4.3315400nmUV-A200280nmUV-C280315nmUV-B4.451000300014010010005.1——12()345677.15’——1199225.2123451234519901994200020005.3(Desertification)7.25’121992/50007000104km22100104km2423333104km21/32300km2410020303(13%)••(87%)••••4(4.456~4.558/199337104hm25.42.24108hm2(13.33~200)104hm2/66.112DDT346.2(Redtide)0.3g/g0.01g/g“”“”“”“”“”8.1-8.25’77zzzz[9]88zzzz87.381010.110.411.611.9930067099214.6109655.2120332.7135822.8159878.3183084.8249530211923200020012002200320042005200620072008050000100000150000200000250000300000350000GDP…55.814)27.9343“”COD2005141420081320.72005254920082321.22001282006621/52006300z22312322323422522531656177119161041016zz20102010““····””MANYSPECIESMANYSPECIES··ONEPLANETONEPLANET··ONEFUTUREONEFUTUREzz““··””zz20092009““––””““YourplanetneedsYourplanetneedsYOU!UnitetoYOU!Unitetocombatclimatecombatclimatechangechange””zz““————””zz20082008““””KicktheKickthehabithabitTowardsaTowardsalowcarbonlowcarboneconomyeconomyzz————““””zz20072007““””zzUNEPUNEP20072007““””““————””““MELTINGICEMELTINGICE--AHOTTOPIC?AHOTTOPIC?””zz20062006::z2005“”GreenCities——planforthePlanet!z2005“”z2004“”Wanted!SeasandOceans––DeadorAlive?)z2003“——20”Water-TwoBillionPeopleareDyingforIt!z2002“”GiveEarthaChancez2001“”ConnectwiththeWorldWideWebofLife3.3.zz3.3.zzzzzzzzzz————zzzz——zzzz40401000L1000L4141930L930L4343880L880Lz10zz1000*10=100001000*10=10000zz970*11=10670970*11=10670zz930*12=11160930*12=11160zz880*13=11440880*13=11440zz820*14=11480820*14=11480zz1000*10=100001000*10=10000zz970*10=9700970*10=9700zz930*10=9300930*10=9300zz880*10=8800880*10=8800zz820*10=8200820*10=8200z“”z“”zz————zzAABBAA————““””zz————ExternalEconomyExternalEconomyExternalDiseconomyExternalDiseconomyzz————zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz19721972zz19871987————z—zz———GNPGrossNationalProductz——z——worthless/valueless,notpriceless/invaluablez——z——199221TodayToday’’sMaterialFlowsMaterialFlowApproximately25%ofwhatgoes‘inthepipe’comesoutasgoodsandservices.Wastefromyourproductionprocess,includinggoodsthatarenolongeruseable,isreturnedbacktotheplanetcreatingadditionalpollutionandenvironmentaldisturbance.NaturalResourcesGoodsandServicesPollution,WasteandEnvironmentalDisturbancesTomorrowTomorrow’’sMaterialCyclesMaterialCycleTomorrow’sprofitwillcomefromdesign,notmatterGoodsandServicesNaturalResourcesReduceUseofNaturalResourcesRecoverTechnicalNutrients3500,70/,25%3500,70/,25%1000(Kalunborg)/7000045000CO2175000280030000SO210200200000600000m3800000600“”“”“”“”zz://://://://://——12——1zzzz

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