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VOC,3,(,100084):2002VOC.,,,20a,VOC.:2002VOC18716103t,715108.,2030VOC1196103t,4718108.StageStageORVR,.:3VOC,.Stage,ORVR.ORVRStage,80%11a.,Stage;,ORVR.:;;;:X511:A:025023301(2006)0821473206:2005209227;:2005212229:(1982),,,,E2mail:smj00@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn3,E2mail:hjm2den@tsinghua.edu.cnVOCEmissionSituationandControlMeasuresofGasStationinChinaSHENMin2jia,HAOJi2ming,WANGLi2tao(DepartmentofEnvironmentScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Theemissionfactorisusedtoestimatethevolatileorganiccompound(VOC)emissioncausedbygasstation.Afterconsideringtheeconomical,socialandpopulationfactors,theactivityratewasmodified,andthenthefuelconsumptionandVOCemissiontrendinthenext20yearscanbepredicted.TheresultshowstheVOCemissionfromgasstationinChina2002was18716ktandthisnumberwillincreaseto1196ktin2030ifnofurthercontrolmeasureswillbeimplemented.Andtheeconomiclosscausedbygasolinevaporarrivedto0175billionRMBin2002andwillbe4178billionRMBin2030.Thecost2benefitapproachofthecommerciallyavailablegasolinevaporrecoverytechnologiesinChinaincludedStage,Stageandon2boardrefuelingvaporrecovery(ORVR)wereanalyzed,andtheresultshowsintroducingthesethreesystemswillbringlargerreduceofVOCemission,andthecombinationofthemcandoaevenbetterjob.ComparedwithStage,ORVRismoreefficientandcheaper,butitwilltakelongtimetoimplementORVR.Anditwilltakeatleast11yearsinChinatoconverttoORVRabove80%.SoStagevaporrecoverysystemmaybeashorttermoptionwhileORVRshouldbetreatedastheultimatesolutionforcontrollingthevaporemissionfromgasstationsinthefuture.Keywords:gasstation;volatileorganiccompound(VOC);emissioninventory;gasolinevaporrecoverysystems(volatileorganiccompound,VOC).VOC.VOC,VOC.VOC,,.,,.200114119106t,40%[1].,.,.VOC,,,.1VOCVOC,(1)[2]:EM(i,j,k,l)=EF(j,k,l)AC(i,j,k)(1),i,j,k,l:,,,;EM:;EF:;AC:27820068ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.27,No.8Aug.,2006.,,2002.111[36],VOC2:,,,,();,,.,,,.VOC.,Stage,.VOC,VOC.4195kg/t01075kg/t,1.12002VOC/kgt-1Table1VOCemissionfactorsforgasstationcategoriesinChina2002/kgt-101160116214921490111521321764195010480104801001350102701049010751122002VOC,(1)2002VOC,2.113VOC,20aVOC..2(2002)1)103/tTable2GasolinevaporemissionfromgasstationsinChina(2002)103/t61069190412351881216851245175221914123416581231114413621375119816251362156111876144913701454175415241652118311501791514601903171187161)11311,GDP[7]:VPip=VPi-1,pfi(GDPP,)(2),VP(i,p),f,(GDPp,p),().,.1(20022030)Fig.1VehiclepopulationinChina(20022030)119992030()19992004[8].1.47412711312VOC[7].,2005201020152020.,10%20%.20a.VOC,3.3VOC(20022030)Table3Fuelconsumption,VOCemissiontrendofgasstationsinChina(20022030)200220052010201520202030106/t381462199114115191441923912106/t2513341454127517961915219VOC103/t187163144565797241196,.VOC,VOC.,t4000,2002715108.,2030,4718108.,.2:,.:2,2.:(Stage);(Stage)(ORVR).2.211Stage,.,,.Stage,,.,.,[9].95%[10].2Fig.2StageandStageVaporRecoverySystemStage2:.2,,.,,,.3Stage.Stage.2,..,.4.3Fig.3Dualpointtopfillingsystem212Stage,,,.574184Fig.4CoaxialsystemStage,[11].11..,,.,..,.,12001400Pa,...[12],Stage,.,,,;.;,.,.Stage95%,,85%95%.213(ORVR)ORVR.EPA1994Stage.Stage,ORVR,.,ORVR,.,.ORVR.ORVR2,[13].,,.,O..ORVR,,.ORVR:,,,,,,,,.ORVR,2:95%95%,56.5,,.,..,95%,.,,.().,95%,,6.,.,,674127,,.,.6[16]/.,.11;21;31;415(95%)Fig.5Refueling(lessthan95%full)11;21;31;41;516(95%)Fig.6Refueling(over95%full)ORVR95%98%[11].Stage,ORVR,.214VOC21411VOC3VOCtVOC4[10,14].4Table4TypicalefficiencyandcostofVOCrecoveryStageStageORVR/%9585959598/t-10212084013420900100021412ORVR[15]2,ORVR.,,ORVR.ORVR:(1)ORVR.ORVR,ORVR.15a.;.(2)10a,1985.(3).19852020,ORVR.19852004[9],.:ORVR80%11a.,ORVR..21413,,VOC.4:;Stage;StageStage;StageORVR.7VOC.774187VOC(20022030)Fig.7GeneralVOCemissiontrendswithdifferentcontrolmeasureStageORVR:Stage,200520%,2010100%;ORVR,21412,2005ORVR,201680%.7,StageStageORVRVOC,ORVR,ORVRStage.,Stage,,ORVR.3(1)VOC.,2002VOC18716103t,715108.(2),2030VOC1195103t,4718108.(3)3:Stage95%,;Stage85%95%;ORVR95%98%,2..3Stage,.(4)2,ORVR.ORVR80%11a.,ORVR.(5),Stage,StageORVR.ORVRStage.ORVR,Stage,ORVR.:MeadWestvaco,,.:[1].(200022002)[M].:,2004.136137.[2].[D].:,2000.[3]KristinAbraham,KwameAgyei,RayBishop,etal.Gasolinemarketing(StageandStage)[R].U.S.A:EasternResearchGroupnc,2001.15.[4]SchifterM,MagdalenoL,DazBKrger,etal.ContributionoftheGasolineDistributionCycletoVolatileOrganicCompoundEmissionsintheMetropolitanAreaofMexicoCity[J].Air&WasteManagementAssociation,2002,52(5):535541.[5].[R].:,2002.219223.[6].[J].,2004,11(3):1821.[7]HeKebin,HuoHong,ZhangQiang,etal.OilconsumptionandCO2emissionsinChinasroadtransport:currentstatus,futuretrends,andpolicyimplications[J].EnergyPolicy,2005,33(12):14991507.[8].2004[M].:,2004.642643.[9].[J].,2003,12(5):2731.[10]MACTECEngineeringandConsultingInc.MidwestRegionalPlanningOrganizationIdentificationandEvaluationofcandidatecontrolmeasures[R].U.S.A:Midwestregionalplanningorganization,2005.5458.[11]U.S.AEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.StageVaporRecoverySystemsIssuesPaper[R].U.S.A:U.S.AEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,2004.610.[12].[J].,2004,(3):1820.[13]CaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.TotalHy