亚行重点支持中国环境保护和共享式增长

NEWSFROMANewsletterofthePeople’[e-mail]20082008年5月ADBtoFocusonEnvironmentandInclusiveGrowthinthePRC亚行重点支持中国环境保护和共享式增长BalancedandinclusiveeconomicgrowthandincreasedprotectionfortheenvironmenttopthelistofprioritiessetoutbyADBinitsnewdevelopmentstrategyforthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC).ADB's2008-2010CountryPartnershipStrategy(CPS)forthePRCalsoputsemphasisonencouragingmoreprivatesectorparticipationtoeradicatepovertyinthecountryandfosteringregionalcooperationthatwillallowthePRCtoplayamoreprominentroleinprovidingassistancetootherdevelopingeconomiesinAsiainpartnershipwithADB.ReducingpovertyremainsadauntingchallengeinthePRC.Sustaininggrowthwillbevitalforthis,butthatwillnotbepossiblewithoutaddressingenvironmentaldegradation,growinginequality,andthestrainsonresources,saidRobertWihtol,CountryDirector,ADBPRCResidentMission.TheCPSistheprimaryplanninginstrumentguidingADB'soperationsinadevelopingmembercountry,andthemonitoringandevaluationtooltotracktheperformanceofjointactivitiesduringthecourseoftheCPS.ThegoalssetoutundertheCPSsupportthePRC's11thFive-YearPlanfor2006-2010,andincludedevelopingnationalenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalprotectionpolicies.TheprioritysectorsidentifiedundertheCPSaretransportandcommunication,energy,watersupplyandsanitation,agricultureandnaturalresources,andfinance.ADBexpectstoextendupto$1.5billioninloansandasmuchas$15-20millioningrantsannuallytofunddevelopmentassistanceprojectsundertheCPS.Toachieveinclusiveandbalancedeconomicgrowth,theCPSwillfocusonpoorerprovincesandpromoteintegratedruralandurbandevelopment.TheCPSwillalsopromoteefficientinfrastructureandenergyuseandstrengthenenvironmentalmanagement.ThePRCwilltapADB'sregionalcooperationprogramstofacilitatetradeandinvestmentandpursueregionalpublichealthandfinancialstabilityundertheCPS.Thecountrywillalsopromotepublic-privatepartnershipsininfrastructurefinanceandhelpstrengthenthedevelopmentofthefinancialsector.Sinceeffortstoreformandopentheeconomystartedin1978,thePRChasachievedrapideconomicexpansion.Thecountryhasrecordedanaverageannualgrossdomesticproductgrowthrateofover9%duringthepast3decades.Despiteitseconomicsuccesses,thePRCremainsalowermiddle-incomecountrywithasizablenumberofpoorlivingonlessthan$1aday.Millionsmorehavelowincomesorarelivingjustabovethepovertyline.Coastalregionshavegrownfaster,andinequalitybetweenurbanandruralareashasincreased.TheCPSwillbuildonADB'ssuccessfullendingandtechnicalassistanceprogramsinthePRCduringthepast20years.ADBrecognizesthecountry'srapidlychangingneedsanditsabilitytocontributeexpertiseandsystemstoADB-financedprojects.ADBhasbeensupportingsocioeconomicdevelopmentinthePRCsince1986,providingaround$19billionforpublicandprivatesectorprojectsandextendingtechnicalassistancegrantstotaling$290million.InNovember2007,ADBPresidentHaruhikoKurodavisitedTaiyuanCoalGasificationPlantinShanxiprovincetoseetheoperationoftheADB-financedShanxiEnvironmentImprovementproject.2007年11月亚行行长黑田东彦参观山西省太原焦化厂，视察亚行资助的山西环境改善项目的实施情况。Theprecedingcountrystrategyandprogram,coveringtheperiod2006-2008,focusedonpro-poorgrowthbyimprovingaccessofthepoortoeconomicbenefits.Throughtheprogram,ADBfunded24publicsectorprojectstotaling$4.26billion,extended$49.67millionintechnicalassistance,andprovided$395.7millioninprivatesectorprojectassistance.在亚行新制定的与中国的合作战略中，促进均衡、共享式经济增长与加强环境保护成为重中之重。新批准的亚行《2008－2010年中国国别合作伙伴战略》还强调鼓励更多私营部门参与消除贫困的工作，提升区域合作水平，加强中国与亚行的合作，更好地发挥中国在促进亚行向亚洲其他经济体提供援助过程中的积极作用。亚行驻中国代表处首席代表罗伯特·魏图（RobertWihtol）表示：“中国的减贫工作仍然十分艰巨。可持续发展对此十分重要，但如果不能有效应对环境恶化、贫富差距拉大和资源紧缺等问题，可持续发展也无从实现。”《国别合作伙伴战略》是亚行与其发展中成员体合作的主要业务规划文件，也是在国别伙伴战略实施期间监督和评估亚行绩效的工具。本期《国别合作伙伴战略》设定的目标支持中国政府“十一五”规划制定的节能和环境保护目标。本期国别伙伴战略确定的重点部门包括交通、能源、供水和卫生、农业和自然资源、金融。亚行将在本期国别伙伴战略框架下把年度贷款额度提高到15亿美元，年度赠款额度提高到2000万美元，以资助国别伙伴战略下的各发展援助项目。为实现共享式和均衡经济发展，本期国别发展战略将以贫困省份为重点，促进城乡均衡统筹发展。它还将提升基础设施和能源的使用效率，强化环境管理。中国将参与亚行的区域合作规划，在本期国别伙伴战略下促进贸易和投资，推动区域公共卫生的发展，稳定区域金融。中国还将推动基础设施融资领域的公私合作，帮助强化金融部门的发展。自中国1978年改革开放以来，中国的经济发展有了长足的进步。在过去30年里，中国的年均国内生产总值增长速度达9%以上。虽然中国经济发展取得了辉煌的成就，但中国仍然是一个中低收入国家，大量人口处于日均1美元的国际贫困线以下。数千万人的收入较低，或者刚刚脱贫。沿海地区发展较快，城乡差距日益拉大。本期国别伙伴战略系亚行在华二十年成功贷款和技术援助经验的结晶。亚行了解中国日新月异的需求，有能力在亚行融资项目中贡献自己的专业知识和业务系统。亚行自1986年就开始支持中国的社会经济发展，累计提供了180亿美元的公私部门项目贷款和2.9亿美元的技术援助赠款。上一期国别伙伴战略的重点是通过让经济增长更多地惠及贫困人口，来实现益贫式增长。在此期间，亚行总共向24个公共部门项目投资42.6亿美元，提供了4.967亿美元的技术援助赠款以及3.957亿美元的私营部门项目援助。ADBPresidentLaudsthePRCforitsAccomplishments亚行行长黑田东彦赞扬中国取得的成就ADBPresidentHaruhikoKurodaexpressedhisadmirationfortheimpressiveaccomplishmentsthePRCachievedwithinthepast30years,duringhisvisittoBeijingfrom21to24March.HejoinedtheChinaDevelopmentForumorganizedbytheChinaDevelopmentResearchFoundation.Attheforum,PresidentKurodadeliveredakeynotespeech,notingPRC'sprogressandchallenges,rangingfromtheenvironmentandurbanizationtogapsinsocialservices,poverty,andinequality.Since1990,however,inequalityhasbeenontherise-inequalitybetweenthecoastalandinlandareas,betweenurbanandruralareas,andwithintheurbanpopulation.TheGovernmentofthePRCrecognizedtheseproblemsinits11thFive-YearPlanADBPresidentHa