工程标准为流程设计的耀斑和排污系统

IPS-E-PR-460ThisStandardisthepropertyofIranianMinistryofPetroleum.Allrightsarereservedtotheowner.Neitherwholenoranypartofthisdocumentmaybedisclosedtoanythirdparty,reproduced,storedinanyretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanswithoutthepriorwrittenconsentoftheIranianMinistryofPetroleum.ENGINEERINGSTANDARDFORPROCESSDESIGNOFFLAREANDBLOWDOWNSYSTEMSORIGINALEDITIONJULY1994ThisstandardspecificationisreviewedandupdatedbytherelevanttechnicalcommitteeonJune1999.TheapprovedmodificationsareincludedinthepresentissueofIPS.July1994IPS-E-PR-4601CONTENTS:PAGENo.0.INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................31.SCOPE............................................................................................................................................42.REFERENCES................................................................................................................................43.DEFINITIONS&TERMINOLOGY..................................................................................................44.SYMBOLSANDABBREVIATIONS...............................................................................................65.UNITS..............................................................................................................................................86.SELECTIONOFBLOWDOWNSYSTEMS....................................................................................86.1General.....................................................................................................................................86.2BlowdownSystemforVaporReliefStream.........................................................................86.3BlowdownSystemforLiquidReliefStream.........................................................................97.DESIGNOFDISPOSALSYSTEMCOMPONENTS....................................................................107.1Piping.....................................................................................................................................107.2SizingaKnock-outDrum.....................................................................................................157.3QuenchDrum........................................................................................................................157.4SizingaSealDrum................................................................................................................187.5Flares......................................................................................................................................187.6BurningPits...........................................................................................................................25TABLES:TABLE1TYPICALKfVALUESFORPIPEFITTINGS..............................................................11TABLE2TYPICALFRICTIONFACTORSANDCONVERSIONFACTORSFORCLEANSTEELPIPE…………...……………………………………………………..11TABLE4RADIATIONFROMGASEOUSDIFFUSIONFLAMES..............................................19TABLE5RECOMMENDEDDESIGNFLARERADIATIONLEVELSEXCLUDINGSOLARRADIATION..................................................................................................................21TABLE6EXPOSURETIMESNECESSARYTOREACHTHEPAINTHRESHOLD.................21TABLE3OPTIMIZINGTHESIZEOFHORIZONTALKNOCK-OUTDRUM(SIUNITS).........................................................................................................31FIGURES:FIGURE1DRAINPOT...................................................................................................................13FIGURE2DETERMINATIONOFDRAGCOEFFICIENT..............................................................15FIGURE3FLAREKNOCK-OUTDRUM........................................................................................16FIGURE4QUENCHDRUM...........................................................................................................17FIGURE5HEATRELEASE,..........................................................................................................22WATTSFLAMELENGTHVERSUSHEATRELEASE:...............................................22July1994IPS-E-PR-4602INDUSTRIALSIZEANDRELEASES...........................................................................22FIGURE6APPROXIMATEFLAMEDISTORTIONDUETOLATERALWINDONJETVELOCITYFROMFLARESTACKS...............................................................23FIGURE7FLARESTACKSEALDRUM.......................................................................................24FIGURE8TYPICALBURNINGPIT...............................................................................................26FIGURE9DIMENSINONALREFERENCESFORSIZINGAFLARESTACK.............................36APPENDICES:APPENDIXAVAPORRELIEFHEADERSIZING.......................................................................28APPENDIXBSIZINGAKNOCK-OUTDRUM.............................................................................29APPENDI