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1,2(1.,210095;2.,210042):,,,:;;:X503:A:10062009(2006)05-0006-05LeadPollutionanditsImpactonHumanHealthinUrbanAreaLIMin1,LINYu2suo2(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalScience,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,Jiangsu210095,China;2.NanjingInstituteofEnvironmentalScienceofStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration,Nanjing,Jiangsu210042,China)Abstract:ThisarticlesummarizedtheLeadpollutioncharacteristicsintheurbansoilandairandtheLeadcontaminationleveloffoodanddrinkingwater,anddiscussedtheLeadexposurewaysinhumanbodyandtheur2banenvironmenthazardsofLeadpollutiononthehealthofchildren.ItsuggestedthatthestudiesonLeadpollu2tioninurbanenvironmentshouldbestrengthened,thepotentialriskassessmentofLeadexposureforhumanshouldbeimprovedinordertoprovethescientificdataforhealthsecurityofurbanresidents.Keywords:Leadpollution;Urbanenvironment;Humanhealth:2005-12-02;:2006-05-12:(2001-1):(1979),,,,,,,,[1,2],,,,,,,,[3],1,,,,[4,5],,,,6185200610,,266mg/kg,654mg/kg,60mg/kg13700mg/kg[6,7],,,,,,(33.30mg/kg)6,(22.15mg/kg)9[8,9];289[10];[11];(35mg/kg)93%,99%[12]11mg/kg222910.6199.72[8,9]18.93113.0749.97[13]2520766.2[11]19.2355.9117.1[14-16]3.61104476.1[10]20.36143.364.744[12]89.9[17],,:,1047.124mg/kg,,127.9mg/kg[9],:[14,16],,119mg/kg[15]:[10]4,,[17],,,,,,,62.2%,20.6%,7.9%,[14],,258g/kg[10]NaHCO3/DTPA0.7mg/kg[17]2,510-5g/m30.5g/m33.0g/m3,0.1g/m30.3g/m3,0.12g/m30.49g/m3,0.38g/m30.5g/m31.0g/m3;(GB3095-1996),1.5g/m3,1.0g/m3;(GB7355-87),1.5g/m3,,,,,0.1g/m30.5g/m3,,0.21g/m3,,0.345g/m37185.2006105.330g/m3,1.877g/m3;4,,;(8:009:0017:0018:00),[18]0.06g/m30.33g/m3,0.02g/m31.67g/m3,0.21g/m3,0.01g/m30.48g/m3,0.16g/m3[19]19940.50g/m3,199519960.37g/m3,1994[20]19980.44g/m3,0.52g/m3,0.35g/m3,0.16g/m30.92g/m3,[21]TSP0.456g/m3,0.163g/m33[22],0.4632g/m3,0.2887g/m3,0.1363g/m3,0.2236g/m3,0.2892g/m3,0.3442g/m3,0.1368g/m3[23],,,(PM2.5),PM2.5,,(PM10)PM2.5PM10290.0mg/kg,918.0mg/kg,TSP[22]PM2.5,PM2.5,;PM2.5100g/m3;199220010.143g/m3,199220030.249g/m3;199820030.129g/m3[24],,,,PM10PM2.53,,,11%,30%75%,20002001,,10[25],,,,,2000,20.0%,8.6%,3.2%,2.6%[26]558,60.5%,8.7%;52%,10.7%;89.6%,2.1%;84.3%,;5.8%,4.0%;88.5%[27]10258,41.6%,34.8%,3.7%,12.1%,48.0%,8.0%,16.0%[28]5862,2.8%,,2.4%,12.8%,5.1%[29]181365,0.005mg/kg12.400mg/kg,98.53%,,24.24%13.33%[30]617,[31],,4.8%12.5%6.7%12.5%[32],,0.05mg/L,(GB5749-1985)8185.200610,1.9g/L,1.4g/L,8.6g/L,,,49.3g/L,,,,[33]4,,,,[34]WHO47%,45%,6%,1%[35]1[36]1,,1991(CDC)30100g/L,[37],,92.9g/L(37.2g/L254.2g/L),33.8%(9.6%80.5%)100g/L[38]9196502,88.3g/L,29.91%100g/L,200g/L1.97%,100g/L50%[39]100g/L68.7%,200g/L14.2%[40]96g/L,100g/L37.8%,36g/L[41]010(ZPP2.3mol/L)10.98g/L511.2g/L,135.59g/L,40%[42]741(0.4870.140)mol/L,0.178mol/L1.241mol/L,0.483mol/L44.26%[43]25,50%100g/L[44],,WHO[45],5,,,,,,[][1]FARFELMR,CHISOLMJJ.Healthandenvironmentalout2comesoftraditionalandmodifiedpracticesforabatementofres2identialLead2basedpaint[J].AmJPublicHealth,1990,80:1240-1245.[2]ORLOVAAO,BANNONDL,FARFELMR,eta1.PilotstudyofsourcesofLeadexposureinMoscow,Russia[J].Environ2mentalGeochemistryandHealth,1995,17:200-210.[3]CommitteeonMeasuringLeadinCriticalPopulations.Measur2ingLeadexposureininants,childrenandothersensitivepopula2tion[M].WashingtonDC:NationalAcademyPress,1993:1-72.[4]PATERSONE,SANKM,CLARKL.Urbansoilsaspollutantsinks-acasestudyformAberdeen,Scotland[J].AppliedGeo2chemistry,1996,11:129-131.[5],,.[J].,2002,11(2):206-209.[6]CULBARDEB,THORNTONI,WATTJ,etal.Metalcontami2nationinBritishurbandustsandsoils[J].JournalofEnviron2mentalQuality,1988,17:226-234.[7]ALLOWAYBJ.Contaminationofsoilsindomesticgardensand9185.200610allotments;abriefoverview[J].LandContamination&Recla2mation,2004,12(3):179-187.[8],,.[J].,2004,19:429-433.[9],,,.[J].,2003,23(3):300-304.[10],,.[J].(),2004,30(3):305-310.[11],,,.[J].,2002,21(4):418-424.[12],,,.[J].,2004,35(5):636-638.[13],,,.[J].,2005,25(1):108-112.[14],.[J].,2003,40(6):921-928.[15],,,.[J].,2005,14(4):512-515.[16],,,.CuZnPbCd[J].,2003,24(3):105-111.[17],,,.[J].,1997,52(3):228-236.[18],,,.[J].,2003,16:1-3.[19],,,.[J].,2001,17(5):51-54.[20].(Pb)[J].,1997,10(3):32-34.[21],,.[J].,2000(1):34-35.[22],.[J].,2005,17(1):11-14.[23],,,.TSP[J].,2003,25(12):15-19.[24],,,.PM2.5[J].,2000,13(1):1-5.[25],,,.20002001[J].,2003,32(4):322-326.[26],,,.[J].,2000,27(4):4552-4741.[27],.[J].,2003,15(4):336-337.[28],,,.[J].,2002,12(5):581-582.[29].[J].,2004(3):550.[30],,,.2004[J].,2005,31(4):70-71.[31],,,.[J].,2004,31(2):143-147.[32],,,.[J].,1997,12(4):161-162.[33].[J].,2002,18(7):91-92.[34]VANWJH,CLAUSINGP,BRUNEKREEFB.Estimatedsoilingestionbychildren[J].EmvironRes,1990,51:147-162.[35]IPCS.Environmentalhealthcriteria85:InorganicLeadGeneva[M].WHO,1993:49-50.[36]HARRISONRM,LAXENDPH.Leadpollutioncausesandcontrol[M].LondonandNewYork:ChapmanandHall,1981:134.[37]CentersforDiseaseControl.PreventingLeadpoisoninginyoungchildren[M].Atlanta:USDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,1991:110.[38],.[J].,2004,21(6):355-360.[39],,,.[J].,2002,23(3):162-166.[40],,,.[J].,1998,36(3):139-141.[41],,,.[J].,1998,36(3):142-144.[42],,,.[J].,2003,24(5):17-22.[43],,,.[J].,2000,8(4):213-2