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坚持开放合作寻求互利共赢——在亚太经合组织第十六次领导人非正式会议上的讲话（2008年11月22日，秘鲁利马）中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛尊敬的加西亚总统，HonourablePresidentGarcia,各位同事：Colleagues,很高兴同大家再次相聚，就共同关心的国际和地区问题交换意见。加西亚总统和秘鲁政府为会议作了周到细致的安排，我对此表示感谢。Iamverypleasedtogettogetherwithallofyouagainandtoexchangeviewsoninternationalandregionalissuesofcommonconcern.IwouldliketoexpressmythanksforthepainstakingarrangementsthatPresidentGarciaandthePeruviangovernmenthavemadeforthismeeting.当前，经济全球化深入发展，亚太区域、次区域合作快速推进。本地区正在成为世界经济发展的重要动力。与此同时，世界和亚太地区也面临诸多不稳定不确定因素，主要表现为：国际金融市场剧烈动荡，金融危机对全球实体经济的消极影响逐步显现，世界经济增长放缓，粮食安全和能源安全问题突出；世界贸易组织多哈回合谈判停滞不前，贸易保护主义有所抬头。此外，环境污染、重大自然灾害、重大传染性疾病等非传统安全问题依然严重存在。这些问题对世界经济健康稳定发展构成了严峻挑战。在国与国相互依存日益紧密的今天，面对上述挑战，任何一个成员都很难置身事外。解决这些问题，有赖于所有成员共同努力。我们主张，面对新的复杂局面，各方应该秉持开放合作的理念，化挑战为机遇，努力实现互利共赢。Atthistime,economicglobalizationisdevelopingindepth,andAsian-Pacificregionalandsub-regionalcooperationismovingforwardrapidly.Thisregionisbecominganimportantdrivingforceforworldeconomicdevelopment,butatthesametime,theworldandtheAsian-Pacificregionarefacingnumerousunstableanduncertainfactors.Theyaremainlymanifestedas:internationalfinancialmarketsareinturmoil,thenegativeimpactofthefinancialcrisisontheglobalrealeconomiesisbecominggraduallyevident,worldeconomicgrowthisslowingdown,andissuedrelatedtofoodsecurityandenergysecurityarebecomingprominent:theWTODohaRoundtalksareboggeddown,andtradeprotectionismisgainingground.Inaddition,non-traditionalsecurityissuessuchasenvironmentalpollution,majornaturaldisasters,andmajorcontagiousdiseasesstillexist.Theseissuesposeseverechallengestothehealthyandstabledevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.Today,withincreasinglyclosedependencyamongcountries,itisverydifficultforanymembercountrytostayalooffromtheabove-mentionedchallenges.Resolutionoftheseissueswillrequirethejointeffortsofallmembercountries.Wemaintainthat,facedwiththenewandcomplicatedsituation,allpartiesshouldadheretotheconceptofopeningupandcooperation,turnchallengesintoopportunities,andstrivetobringaboutmutualbenefitsandwin-winresults.各位同事！Colleagues!当前，国际金融危机蔓延迅速、波及广泛，是世界经济增长面临的最严峻挑战。有效应对金融风险，维护国际金融稳定，促进世界经济发展，是各国各地区共同面临的重要而紧迫任务，需要国际社会增强信心、加强协调、密切合作。上周举行的二十国集团领导人金融市场和世界经济峰会在这方面取得了积极成果。在此，中方提出以下几点主张。Atthistime,theinternationalfinancialcrisisisspreadingrapidlyandaffectingawiderangeofsectorsandisthemostseverechallengeconfrontingworldeconomicgrowth.Effectivelydealingwithfinancialrisks,safeguardinginternationalfinancialstability,andpromotingworldeconomicdevelopmentareimportantandurgenttasksforvariouscountriesandvariousregions,andthisdemandsthattheinternationalcommunityenhanceconfidence,stepupcoordination,andmaintainclosecooperation.TheG20SummitonFinancialMarketsandtheWorldEconomylastweekmadepositiveresultsinthisregard.Here,theChinesesidewouldliketoputforththefollowingpoints.第一，为遏止不断恶化的金融危机，各国应该迅速采取有效措施，加强宏观经济政策协调，完善信息沟通，尽可能互相提供帮助，采取一切必要的财政、货币手段，遏制金融危机扩散和蔓延，稳定全球金融市场，积极促进经济增长，尽量减轻这场金融危机对实体经济的损害，避免发生全球性经济衰退。First,tocontainthefinancialcrisiswhichisworsening,allcountriesshouldadopteffectivemeasures,stepupcoordinationonmacroeconomicpolicies,improveinformationcommunication,provideassistancetoeachotherasmuchaspossible,andadoptallnecessaryfinancialandmonetarymeans;allcountriesshouldcontaintheexpansionandspreadofthefinancialcrisis,stabilizeglobalfinancialmarkets,activelypromoteeconomicgrowth,alleviatetheharmbroughtbythisfinancialcrisisontherealeconomy,andavoidaglobaleconomicrecession.第二，国际社会应该认真总结这场金融危机的教训，在所有利益攸关方充分协商的基础上，把握建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序的方向，坚持全面性、均衡性、渐进性、实效性的原则，对国际金融体系进行必要的改革，创造有利于全球经济健康发展的制度环境。改革国际金融体系，既要反映金融监管的普遍规律和原则，又要考虑不同经济体的发展阶段和特征，平衡体现各方利益，尤其要体现新兴市场国家和发展中国家利益。要加强国际金融监管合作、完善国际监管体系；推动国际金融机构改革、提高国际金融机构切实履行职责能力；鼓励区域金融合作、充分发挥地区资金救助机制作用；稳步推进国际货币体系多元化，共同支撑国际货币体系稳定。各类金融机构和中介机构应该加强风险管理、提高透明度，下决心加大对短期资本流动和金融创新风险的监管和预警。Second,theinternationalcommunityshouldconscientiouslysumupthelessonsofthefinancialcrisis.Itshouldconductnecessaryreformoftheinternationalfinancialsystemandcreateasystemenvironmentconducivetohealthyglobaleconomicdevelopmentonthebasisoffullconsultationamongallpartiesconcerned,bygraspingthedirectionforbuildinganewinternationalfinancialorderwhichisfair,just,inclusive,andorderly,andbyupholdingtheprincipleofbeingcomprehensive,balanced,andprogressiveandstrivingforsubstantialresults.Reformoftheinternationalfinancialsystemshouldreflectthegenerallawsandprinciplesoffinancialsupervisionandshouldalsogiveconsiderationtothedevelopmentstageandcharacteristicsofdifferenteconomicentitiesandembodytheinterestsofallpartiesconcernedandespeciallytheinterestsofemergingmarketsandnationsanddevelopingcountries.Itisnecessarytostepupcooperationininternationalfinancialsupervisionandimprovetheinternationalsupervisorysystem;pushforreformofinternationalfinancialinstitutionsandraisetheabilityofinternationalfinancialinstitutionstorealisticallyfulfiltheirresponsibilities;encourageregionalfinancialcooperationandgivefullplaytotheroleofregionalfundingassistancemechanisms;and,steadilypromotediversificationintheinternationalmonetarysystemandjointlysupportthestabilityoftheinternationalmonetarysystem.Alltypesoffinancialinstitutesandintermediateinstitut