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:2002203217;:2002208206:(CXIOG2D00205)STAfellowship(100025)fromJST,Japan:(1964),,:GIS:100724619(2003)05204122081,2,1(11,,100101;21,100038):,,,,CASE,,,,,,,,:;;;;:P208:A1,[1],,,,,,,[2,3],[4],,()[5],,JankowskiNyerges[6],,,,,[7]?Canas[8]:,,,,,,,,,CM,,75Vol.7,No.520039JOURNALOFREMOTESENSINGSep1,2003©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.2,(),,,,,,,,NovakGowin1984,(Node)(Link),N2,M{C1,C2,,Cm}N{R1,R2,,Rn},,3:,,:,,,,,,,,(is),,,,,[9][10]NASA,Jonassen,BeissnerYacci[11],Canas[12],,web,,web,,[8],,,:(1),(),(),,,()(),()();(2),,;(3),3,,,[13],[14]:(1),,,,,,(2),,,,(3),(4),,,,5:413©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(5),,,,5:(case)311,,,,,(),,,312,,,,(),,,313,,,,icon,,-(,,),,,,,314,,,,,1Fig11Thespatialmodelschemebasedonconceptmap315CASE,,(CASE)(CASE)()(),14JavaWebGISArcIMSMapObjectsJavaEdition,,Java,4147©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Java,411,/(Client/Server),2ArcIMSWeb,ArcIMS,;,ArcIMSServletWeb,XML;,,,HTTPXMLWebGIS,2Fig12Thevisualgeomodelconstructionscheme412,,PGML(PortableGraphModelingLan2guage),XMLXML(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage,)W3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)Internet,HTMLWebHTML,HTML,XML;HTML,XML,,CMXML(ConceptMapXML),3CMXML3,CMMAPCMXML,CMXMLCMMAPCMMAPname,;CMMAP4(CREATOR,DESCRIPTION,CONCEPTS,LINKS)CREATOR,name,timecontactinfo,;DESCRIPTION,value,CONCEPTS,CONCEPTSCONCEPT,CONCEPT,idlabelid,labelCONCEPT6(GRAPHICS,MODEL,PARAMETERS,HYPERLINK,SUBCONCEPT,CONCEPTEXPLAINATION),GRAPHICS,()()()(),GRAPHICS,width,height,fillcolor,center,MOD2ELurlmodelname;5:415©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.3CMXMLFig13ConceptmapXMLlabelschemeLINKS,LINKLINK4:source,target,labelid,Sourcetarget,label,id,sourcetargetLINKLINKS5,:(1);(2);(3),,,[15],,,,,,,,,,,,(),,GIS,,,,,,,,(),,,(),,,(),(),,4167©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,6611,,,,,47016km2,43480km2,,1600km2,,2000km2,,,,,1986(),2500m3/s,;4380m3/s(50),2500m3/s,,,214m3/s,6230m3/s(),2500m3/s,2760m3/s,970m3/s6230m3/s,,612:,,CM(4):,,;,:,;,4CMFig.4TheCMfloodmodelintheXiaoqingheFloodplain5:417©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.;,;,,,613,,,,,,,;;,,,,,,,,(5),614,4,,,()(6)()(),;;;;6,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,(DEM);;;,,,,7CASE,,GIS,,,,,,CM,,,,,,,,(References)[1]ChenSP,ZhouCH,LuXJ.TheIntroductiontoGeographyInfor2mationSystem[M].1999.Beijing:SciencePress,1999.[,4187©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,.[M].:,1999.][2]DenshamPJ.SpatialDecisionSupportSystems[A].MaguireDJ,GoodchildMF,RhindDW.GeographicalInformationSystems:PriciplesandApplications[C].London:Longman,1991.[3]ZhouCH,ShunZI,XieYC.CellularAutomataBasedSimulationofGeo2SpatiotemporalSystem[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1999.[,,.[M].:,1999.][4]TalbertN.TowardHuman2CenteredSystems[J].IEEEComputerGraphicsandApplications.July/Auguest,1997.[5]OLearyDE,StuderS.KnowledgeManagement:AnInterdisci2plinaryApproach[J].IEEEIntelligentSystems,January/February2001.[6]JankowskiP,NyergesT,etal1SpatialGroupChoice:ASDSSToolforCollaborativeSpatialDecision2making[J].InternationalJournalofGeographicalInformationScience,1997,11(6).[7]JankowskiP.andNyergesT.GeographicInformationSystemsforGroupDecisionMaking:TowardsaParticipatoryGeographicInforma2tionScience[M].Taylor&Francis,2000.[8]CanasA,FordK,etal.UsingConceptMapswithTechnologytoEnhanceCollaborativeLearninginLatinAmerica.[9]FordK,CanasA,etal.ICON2KAT:AnIntegratedConstructivistKnowledgeAcquisitionTool[J].KnowledgeAcquisition,1991,(3):196208.[10]FordK,Canas,A,etal.ParticipatoryExplanation:ANewParadigm?[A]ProceedingsoftheTenthEuropeanConferenceonAr2tificialIntelligenceWorkshoponExpertJudgment,HumanError,andIntelligentSystems[C].1992.[11]JonassenD,BeissnerK,YacciM.ExplicitMethodsforConveyingStructuralKnowledgeThroughConceptMaps[M].Hillsdale,NJ:Erlbaum,1993.[12]CanasA,FordK,etal.KnowledgeConstructionandSharinginQuorum[A].WorldConferenceonArtificialIntelligenceinEduca2tion[C].[13]GuPL.Systemanalysis[M].TianjingUniversityPress,1998.[.[M].:,1998.][14]GaoHS.DecisionSupportSystem:Theory,MethodanditsApplica2tion[M].Beijing:TsinghuaUniversityPress,1996.[.(DSS),,[M].:,1996.]TheVisualGeo2ModelConstructionEnvironmentBasedonConceptMapWANQing1,WANHong2tao2,DINGGuo2xiang1(11LREIS,InstituteofGeographyScienceandResourceResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China;21RCFDDR,ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch,Beijing100038,China)Abstract:Themainroleofmapisconfinedtorepresentationofvariouskindsofdecisionschemataandappraisalre2sults.Butitalmostdoesnogoodtotheunderstandinganddefinitionofproblems.Theconceptmapisanewmethodthatcansupporttheknowledgederivationandknowledgesharing.Throughtheconceptmapmethodthenewknowledgecanbeeffectivelyobtained.Theexperientialknowledgeofdifferentuserandexpertcanbeorganizedthroughtheconceptentityandconceptrelationandrepresentedvisuallyasmap,thussupportthegeo2modelconstruction.TheGeo2modelconstruc2tionprocessbasedonconceptmaphas5steps:Geo2mod