搜索
基于“总量控制”的城市径流污染模拟及生态化处理技术研究重庆大学硕士学位论文学生姓名：韩易导师姓名：何强教授专业：市政工程学科门类：工学重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院二O一O年四月SimulationandEcologicalTreatmentofUrbanRunoffbasedonTotalQuantityControlAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringByHanYiSupervisorbyProf.HeQiangMajor:MunicipalEngineeringFacultyofUrbanConstruction＆EnvironmentalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,ChinaApril,2010中文摘要I摘要随着我国近几年来对点源污染的控制力度的不断加强和管理体系的日益完善，点源污染的防治已经有十分显著的成效，但对非点源污染的防治仍然处在探索阶段，防治手段尚显薄弱。与此同时，快速的城市化导致我国大量的天然流域被开发，植被被破坏，土地利用格局剧烈改变，使得城市区域的不透水地面比例迅速提高，水文循环状况发生了很大的变化。因此城市下垫面类型的变化所引起的径流污染已经成为影响城市地表水环境的重要污染源之一。为了有效地控制城市径流污染，本文主要是从以下几个方面对其进行研究：第一，借鉴了在点源污染防治中应用较为成功的“总量控制”思想，并将其引入，建立城市径流污染负荷总量和受纳水体水环境保护目标之间的定量关系。具体的研究内容主要包括三大部分，分别是：城市径流污染特征研究、负荷总量模拟研究以及生态化处理技术研究。第二，鉴于降雨径流具有随机性、非连续性、突发性、难控性等特点，因此为了缓解其对城市水体产生的冲击，掌握城市径流的产污特性并针对性地采取相应的控制措施尤为迫切。以重庆市某大学校园为实验对象，通过监测其典型城市下垫面的径流水质，对城市径流污染的特征进行分析，并探讨其主要因素对径流水质变化的影响规律，从而为后续的模拟研究及污染控制提供理论依据。第三，以城市径流污染特征以及其“产-汇-流”规律为基础，建立城市径流污染负荷总量模拟系统。并且通过引入“总量控制”思想，将产污与纳污有机结合起来，得到城市径流污染负荷的“总量控制目标”。以重庆大学虎溪校区的多场降雨实测资料为例，对该模拟系统进行参数率定及模型验证，并且通过对相关参数的敏感性和昀优域分析，得到该模型系统的适用范围。第四，在总结国内外生态化处理技术的研究结论及实践经验的基础上，结合关于我国城市地表径流污染规律及污染特征的研究结果，提出适宜于我国实际情况的生态化单元处理技术。并且针对径流污染过程中的三个不同阶段（源头、中途扩散、末端汇流），选择相应的单元处理技术及其组合模式，从而建立适宜的生态化处理系统，对城市径流污染负荷总量进行有效削减。第五，以重庆大学虎溪校区为研究对象，将城市径流污染总量模拟系统应用于对该区域径流污染负荷（包括单场降雨及长期径流负荷）以及受纳水体在降雨期间的水环境容量的模拟计算，通过对该结果的分析得到污染负荷的“总量控制目重庆大学硕士学位论文II标”。然后以此目标为前提，结合该区域的实际情况，提出两种生态化控制方案。昀后通过对比两种方案的去污效果，得到昀优化的生态化处理系统。关键词：总量控制，城市径流，污染特征，模拟研究，生态化处理技术英文摘要IIIABSTRACTRecently,asthecontroleffortscontinuedtostrengthenandmanagementsystemimproving,pointsourcepollutioncontrolhasbeenverysignificantresultsinChina.However,thepreventionfornon-pointsourcepollutionisstillintheexploratorystageandthecontrolmeasuresareratherweak.Atthesametime,rapidurbanizationinChinahavebeendevelopedalotofnaturalwatershed,vegetationdestruction,drasticchangesinlandusepattern.Theabovemakestheproportionofimpervioussurfaceincreasedrapidlyaswellasthehydrologicalcycleconditionschangedgreatly.Therefore,thenon-pointpollutioncauesdbyurbanunderlyingchangeshasbecomeamajorsourceforsurfacewaterenvironmentpollution.Inordertoeffectivelycontrolurbanrunoffpollution,thisarticleisfromthefollowingaspectsofitsresearch:Firstly,referencetheideologyofquantitycontrolwhichhasbeensuccessfullyapplicatedinthemanagementofpointpollution,andestablishaquantitativerelationshipbetweentotalpollutionloadofurbanrunoffandprotectionobjectivesofreceivingwaterenvironment.Thespecificresearchcontentsmainlyincludethreeparts:characteristicsofurbanrunoffpollution、simulationoftotalpollutionload、technologyofecologicaltreatment.Secondly,inviewoftherandomness、non-continuous、sudden、difficultcontrolofurbanruonoff,masteringthecharacteristicsofurbanrunoffpollutionandadoptingtheappropriatecontrolmeasuresisespeciallyurgenttoeasetheimpactinfluenceforwaterenvironment.Soastoprovidetheoreticalbasisforsimulationandcontrol,takingaunversityofchongqingasexperimentalsubject,analyzedthepollutioncharacteristicsofurbanrunoffbymonitoringthewaterqualityofdifferenturbanunderlyings,anddisscussedthelawofinfluenceformaincauses.Thirdly,basedonthepollutioncharacteristicsofurbanrunoffaswellasthelawof“generation-collection-discharge”,thetotalquantitysimulationsystemforurbanrunoffpollutionloadwasestablished.Andmadetheproductionandreceivingpollutionprocesstogetherbytakingtheideologyofquantitycontrolasreferenceinordertogetthetotalquantitycontrolobjectiveofurbanrunoffpollution.TakingthemeasureddataofHuxiuniversitydistrictasexample,theparametercalibrationandmodelvalidationwereanalyzed.While,thescopeofmodelwasdeterminedbydissucussingthesensitivityandbestdomainofparameter.重庆大学硕士学位论文IVFourthly,onthebasisofsumminguptheresearchfindingsandpracticalexperiencesaboutecologicaltechnologies,aswellasconsideringtheresultsoftheabovechapters,unitecologicaltreatmentssuitedforournationalconditionswereproposed.Inviewofthethreestages(genenration-collection-discharge)duringtherunoffpollutionprocess,thesuitableunittechnologiesandcombinationpatternswerecollected.Thus,anappropriateecologicaltreatmentsystemwasestablishedtoreducethetotalpollutionloadofurbanrunoffeffectively.Finally,byapplyingthemodelsysteminHuxicampusofChongqingunversity,thetotalquantitycontroltargetonurbanrunoffpollutionloadwasobatainedviaanalyzingtheresultsoftotalpollutionloadonurbanrunoffandwaterenvironmentcapacityofHuxiriver.Andthen,basedonthetargetaswellastheenvironmentconditionsinthisregion,twoecologicalcontrolplanswereproposed.Finally,throughcomparingthereductioneffectontotalpollutionload,theoptimalecologicaltreatmentsystemwasputforward.Keywords:TotalQuantityControl,UrbanRunoff,PollutionCharacteristic,LoadSimulation,EcologicalTreatment目录V目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I英文摘要.......................................................................................................................................III1绪论............................................