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X,(,300160):,,;,.:;;:TQ342.81;TS102.528.1:A:16712024X(2004)0120018205Foulingandfouling2controlofporousmembranesLUXiao2long,LIUHui2yu(MotianMembraneEngineeringandTechnologyCompany,TianjinPolytechnicUniversity,Tianjin300160,China)Abstract:Inaccordancewithmembranefoulingbeingoneofimportantfactorswhichlimitthemembraneindustrialapplying,somerecentresearchresultsaboutthefoulingofultrafiltrationandmicrofiltrationareintroducedwhichareonmembranematerials,composingofseperatingliquid,foulingmechanisms,preventionandcontrolmeans.Somemethodsforalle2viationandprevetionofmembranefoulingareintroduced,Atthesametime,theeffectsofliquidpretreatment,mem2branesurfacemodification,optimizingoperationsandchemicalcleaningareconcretelyevaluated.Keywords:porousmembrane;membranefouling;membranecleaning,..,,.,..,.11.1.,.Bromley[1],,,.Carroll[2],,.1.2,.,,,,,,,,;,,[3].,,,.,,;X:2002-12-13:(03C26211200045):(1964),,,,;(1978),,,.23120042JOURNALOFTIANJINPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYVol.23No.1February2004©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,.(UF),,,.,,UF,UF,,[4].22.1pHpH.,,;,.Claudia[5],pH,.,.,pH.pH,.2.2.,;,,,.,.Ea2gles[6],,,,.,.,.,.Malgorzata[3],,,,.2.3Yiantsios[7],,,.,,.2.4,,,,[8].,,,.33.1Kelly[9],,,,.Marshall[10],,.Darko[11],.Carrolla[12],,,,NOM(naturalorganicmatter).Khafib[8],,,,.Pi2otr[13],100,.,4[4]:.,,..,..(),..,,.3.2.(),;,[9].Darcy:Jv(t)=1dV/Adt=p/0(Rm+Rc)(1),Jv();V911:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.;A;p;0;Rm;Rc.,.P=p-.,;.(1):Jv(t)=p/(Rm+Rc)(2).,,:(Rm+Rc)t=t/(Rm+Rc)t=0=1+At,A=KiJv0,Ki.,,:(Rm+Rc)t=t/(Rm+Rc)t=0=(1+Bt)2,B=KsJv0,Ks.[14].,,:(Rm+Rc)t=t/(Rm+Rc)t=0=(1+Ct)1/2,C=2(Rc/R0)KcJv0,R0;Kc.Tansel,(Rm+Rc)t=t/(Rm+Rc)t=0=(1-)+et/,;.,,,[15].3.3:SDS2;[16];;X;;..,[17].Zhu[18],;MarineNyctromZhu[19];Li[20];McDonogh[21],.44.1,..,;pH,,.,Ca2+Mg2+,.[22].,.Ota2ki[23].4.2..,;,,.[24]AMICONPM30MILLI2POREPTTK,AOT.,,,,,.Ma[25]PPPEG200MADMAEMAAA,,.4.3Field[26],,,.Harit[18],,Field,.Harit[27],,.,Grozes0223©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[28],,1.0bar.Bian[29],,.Kenji[30],0.0435mg/L,,.4.4[17],.,2[31].4.5[32]2,,,COD680Þ0;;;.Zhu[18]6HEKLA,.Maartens[33](PES),TritonX-100(SDS).,[4,17].Ca2+Mg2+,pH,2(EDTA)..pH.CA,pH=34;PSSPSPSAPANPVDF,pH=12.0.51h,...pH.CA,pH=8;pH=12..SDS80TritonX2100(),.,.,.,..2005000mg/L5001000mg/L,,.,.0.50Þ01.50Þ0,,.5,,,.:[1]BromleyAJ,HoldichRG,CummingIW.Particulatefoulingofsurfacemicrofilterswithslottedandcircularporegeometry[J].JMembrSci,2002,196:27-37.[2]CarrollTJ,BookerNA.Axialfeaturesinthefoulingofhollow2fibremicrofiltrationmembranes[J].JMembrSci,2000,168:203-213.[3]MalgorzataKK,KatarzynaMN,TjomaszW.Analyseofmem2branefoulinginthetreatmentofwatersolutionscontaininghumicacidsandmineralsalts[J].Desalation,1999,126:179-189.[4].[M].:,2000.244-244.[5]ClaudiaA,SousaJoaquim,MisCabral,etal.Theroleoftheelectolyteenviromentonthedevelopmentofdymaniccakelayer[J].JMembrSci,2002,217:171-172.[6]EaglesWP,WakemanRJ.Interactionbetweendissolvedmate2rialandthefoulinglayerduringmirofiltrationofamodelbeerso2lutions[J].JMembrSci,2002,206:253-263.[7]YiantsiosSG,KarabelasAJ.Theeffectofcolloidstabilityonmembranefouling[J].Desalination,1998,118:143-152.[8]KhatibK,RoseJ,BarresO,etal.Physico-chemicalstudyoffoulingmechanismsofultrafiltrationmembraneinBiwalake(Japan)[J].JMembrSci,1997,130:53-63.121:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[9]Kelly.Proteinfoulingduringmicrofiltration:camparativebe2havourofdifferentmembranesduringstirredcellfiltrater[J].Bioeng,1997,55:91-103.[10]MarshallAD,MunroPA,TragardhG.Influenceofpermeatefluxonfoulingduringmicrofiltrationoflactoglobulinsolutionsundercrossflowconditions[J].JMembrSci,1997,130:23-30.[11]DarkoMKrstic,SinisaLMarkov,MiodragNTeki.Membranefoulingdaringcross2flowmicrofiltrationofpolyporussquamosusfermentationbroth[J].BiochemicalEngineeringJournal,2001,19:103-109.[12]KingCS,GraySR,BoltomBA.etal.Thefoulingofmicrofil2trationmembranesbynomaftercougulationtreatment[J].Wa2terResearch,2000,131(11):2861-2870.[13]PiotrCzekaj,FranciscoL6pez,CarmeGell.Membranefoul2ingduringmicrofiltrationoffermentedbeverages[J].JournalofMembraneScience,2000,166:199-209.[14]JacobJ,PradanosP,CalvoJI,etal.Foulingkineticsandassociateddynamicsofstructuralmodifications[J].ColloidsandSurfacesA:PhysicochemicalEngineeringAspects,1998,138:173-183.[15]TanselB,BaoWY,TanselN.Characterizationoffoulingki2neticsinultrafiltrationsystemsbyresistancesinseriesmodel[J].Desalination,2000,129:7-16.[16]LiisaPure,lukkaTanninen,MarianneNystriim.Analysesoforganicfoulantsinmembranesfouledbypulpandpapermilleffluentusingsolid2liquidextraction[J].Desalination,2002,143:1-9.[17].[M].:,2001.73-73.[18]ZhuHuihua,MarianneNystrom.Cleaningresultscharacterizedbyflux,streamingpotentialandFTIRmeasurements[J].Col2loidsandSurfacesA:PhysicochemicalandEngineeringAs2pects,1998,138:309-319.[19]MarineNyctrom,ZhuHuihua.Characterizationofcleaningre2sultsusingcombinedfluxandstreamingpotentialmethods[J].JMembrSci,1997,131:195-196.[20]LiJX,SandersonRD,HallbauerDK.etal.Measurementandmodellingoforganicfoulingdep