化学过程工业变更管理

陈明亮,赵劲松(北京化工大学信息科学与技术学院,北京100029):(MOC),MOC,MOCMOCMOCMOC:;;:X937:A:0253-4320(2007)06-0059-03ManagementofchangeinthechemicalprocessindustryCHENMingliang,ZHAOJinsong(CollegeofInformationScienceandTechnology,BeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology,Beijing100029,China)Abstract:Historicalinvestigationsonchemicalaccidentshaveshownthatpoormanagementofchange(MOC)isaprimarycauseofsevereaccidents.Therefore,MOChasbeenconsideredasakeyelementinthehealth,safetyandenvironment(HSE)managementsystemsofthechemicalindustryincountriesworldwide.Inthispaper,animprovedMOCworkflowforthechemicalindustryispresentedaimingatthecharacteristicofchemicalindustry.BasedontheanalysisoftypicalaccidentsofchemicalindustrythatwerecausedbypoorMOC,andtheexistingcomputeraidedMOCsystems,animprovedMOCintegratedsystemispresented.Finally,theprospectofimplementingMOCsysteminChinaisforecasted.Keywords:managementofchange;chemicalprocessindustry;safety:2007-01-25;:2007-05-15::(1982-),,;(1969-),,,,,,,010-64448937,[e-mail](CPI),,,,,2000416,2156;2001564,1421;2002592,1551;2003621,960[1],[2],,,(HSE),2060(MOC)[3],MOC,CPIMOC1990(API)[3],,(OSHA)1992(PSM)[4],HSEMOC[5-6]MOC,,,[7]1MOCMOCMOC:,[3]HSEMOC:!59!276现代化工June200720076ModernChemicalIndustry[6]MOC,11:12,MOC,MOCMOC7(1):(1)MOC(2),(3),(4)(5),(6)(PSSR)MOCPSSR,,PSSRPSSR,,,(7)MOC,,图1变更流程图2,,,[8]1,,MOC,MOC,,MOC11974Flixborough281976Seveso600,20001984Bhopal25001984MexicoCity500,50001988OccidentalPetroleum1651989PhillipsPetroleumCompany23,2301995NappTechnologies51998Equilon61998SierraChemicalCompany4,61999ToscoAvonRefinery4,12001BethlehemSteelCorporation2,42003243,214220049,1520065,2200616,24!60!现代化工2763MOCMOCMOC,:(1),,[9],(2),(3),MOCMOC,MOC31MOC,MOC(CAMOC),(2)CAMOC,:AnadarkoPetroleumBPCITGOExxonMobilMurphyOilNOVAChemicalsCAMOC,,2MOCOIMSeBPlantMocKingbird∀RMOCTMMOCSystemCenturionSmartMOCExxonMobilSpescomSoftwareIncWarrenForthoughtTRPATRDyademWebPHA32MOCCAMOC,,CAMOC,(ERP),ERP(BOM),MOC,,CAMOC;(HAZOP)CAMOC,,,,ZhaoJ[2]iTOPS()BHE(HAZOP),HE(HAZOP),MOC(MOCexpert)(2),,HAZOP,,[10]MOCexpert,,,P&IDMOCexpert,iTOPS;,P&ID,(HKB),MOCexpert,HAZOP,HKBHKB,MOCexpert,MOC图2MOCexpert框架(下转第63页)!61!20076:,,2007226,2383/(1=3785L),1290/;2551/,80/20071,224/,:,54%;,11%;,15%;,20%,249/,:,49%;,18%;,12%;,21%AlienSchaeffer,2,,,,,,AlonJeffD.Morris20061%,42%3,35%~40%,20%(CambridgeEnergyResearchAssociates)AaronF.Brady,,25,,2030,,2,10%,10%,,15%251%,1620/2%E-85,25,6(上接第61页)4CAMOC,MOCHSE,CAMOC,CAMOCCAMOC,CAMOC,[1]SchlechterW.ManagingyourprocesshazardsasameansofconformingtoOSHArequirements[J].IntJPresVes&Piping,1996,66:403-415.[2]ZhaoJ,ViswanathanS,ZhaoC,etal.Knowledgebasedmanagementofchangeinchemicalprocessindustry[J].ComputerAidedChemicalEngineeringProceedingsofESCAPE11,2001,9:931-936.[3]WestHH,MannanMS,DannaR,etal.Makeplantssaferwithapropermanagementofchangeprogram[J].ChemicalEngineeringProgress,1998,94(6):25-36.[4]USOccupationalSafetyandHealthAssociation(OSHA).29CFR1910.119.USOccupationalSafetyandHealthAssociation(OSHA)PSMstandard29CRT1910[S].Washington,D.C.:GovernmentPrintingOffice,1992.[5].SY/T6276#1997[S].:,1997.[6].Q/SHS00011#2001(HSE)[S].:,2001.[7]JosephG,KaszniakM,LongL.Lessonsafterbhopal:CSBacatalystforchange[J].JournalofLossPreventionintheProcessIndustries,2005,18:537-548.[8]KerenN,WestHH,SamMannanM.BenchmarkingMOCpracticesintheprocessindustries[J].ProcessSafetyProgress,2002,21(2):103-112.[9]MullerN.Towardsanontologydrivenmanagementofchange[D].Bremen:InternationalUniversityBremen,2006.[10]ViswanathanS,ZhaoJ,VenkatsubramanianV.Integratingoperatingproceduresynthesisandhazardsanalysisautomationtoolsforbatchprocesses[J].Computers&ChemicalEngineering,1999,23:S747-750.∃!63!20076: