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上海交通大学硕士学位论文太湖流域水环境保护对策研究姓名：韦雪骐申请学位级别：硕士专业：公共管理指导教师：李寿德20090607MPA2MPA3MPA4,,,MPA5RESEARCHINTOPOLICIESTOPROTECTTAIHULAKEVALLEYWATERENVIRONMENTABSTRACTTheTaihuLakeValleyatthesouthernmostpartoftheYangtzeriverdeltaiswitnessingfastindustrilizationandurbanizationasoneofChina’smostdevelopedanddynamicareas.Butwithitswaterqualitydeterioratingeveryyear,theareaisinashortageofqualitywater.ThoughgovernmentsofdifferentlevelshaveattachedgreatimportancetotheTaihu’swaterenvironmentproblemsandtakenaseriesofmeasurestoaddressthem,thegeneraltrendofwaterdeteriorationhasnotbeeneffectivelycurbed.Theoutlookofpollutionreductionremainsgrim.Thisessaydrawstheconclusionthatworseningenvironmentinthevalleywascausedbydrawbacksinadministrationsystemsandlackofenvironmentalprotectionsenseamideconomicgrowthandsocialdevelopment.TheauthorgivesagooddealofenlightenmentthroughresearchintomeasurestakentoaddresswaterpollutionattheNorthAmericanGreatLakesandLakeBiwainJapan.TheessayputsforwardpossiblepoliciesandprotectionandadministrationmechanismtoharnesswaterpollutionattheTaihuvalleyaftertakingintoconsiderationofthecurrentwaterenvironmentandprotectivepolicies.Intensifiedeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovewaterenvironmentbyreducingemissions,strengtheningwaterresourcesprotection,utilizationandmanagement,upgradingwaterdivertionwithinthevalleyandspeedingupecologicalrecovery.Newgovernmentpoliciesshouldalsobeinplacetoreinforcewaterresourcesmanagementandprotection.Theessaycallsforaunifiedsystemestablishedtomanagewaterresources,betterplanningwork,improvedlawenforcement,upgradedsystemsandmechanismstofacilitatemoreinvestmentinMPA6pollutionreductionandestablishmentofasystemtoimprovesupervision,statistics,achievementevaluationforpollutionharnessing.Thebroadmassesshouldbemobilizedtoparticipateinthework.KEYWORDS:TaihuLakeValley,waterenvironment,pollutionreduction,valleyadministrationMPA97368951223381.89442901374507152000367651%9940(GDP11%)GDP32603070%2002.17(2)221-2282001393-39420011MPA102000239104-10820005012.780102007529()2001120011MPA111968(Kuznets1955)50UUMPA12(kuznets)(HarvardWaterProgram)195519622070MPA131972Buras2060HaimesGrigg1977Haimes(AHP)1978Singh1982KrzysztofowiczDedekorkut—(Collaboration).2002(20011)(20032)MPA14MPA15()()()199519981996200220082005511988199720022002MPA16::MPA172338368951939952.6%1209332.8%517814%2250.6%4330()2006()620003652.32.8%1679.41972.914601.213782.194.4%819.15.6%12.2%2005GDP1.58%GDP3.5412351%20102020GDP1.73.138534023MPA184.57.73.720“18%23%9%50%78%()14%8%V”“208080”10519606–7200371%75%---.20054282002220102001.3MPA19-(GHZBL-1999)(2-1)2-1:mg/L20067.5III0.068V200110.6IV0.154V20067.8III0.274V3.94V20018.2IV3.88V20069.1IV0.387V4.16V200114.2V14.5V(GHZBL1999)2.341.9620016200532322MPA20(),77.38%(2-2)2006MPA212-22006:mg/L2.50.850.791.170.840.83V3.11.061.041.051.30.75V3.21.111.191.861.520.88V2006(2-3)14.616.1230.262-320062006VVVVVVVVDOBODVVBODV2000-200621200252000-2006MPA22339035.5%2.42.4()()//339016300.9612300.401151100.4685%2.52.5()(/)(/)490146500.94249200.1230131800.98224200.26590113800.95193800.2215094700.92161100.4422081000.49150200.721680568200.28978400.74MPA233650,3.25%160kg/*30%33.6%12.1%2.62.6(/)(/)(/)()(/)1560329300.761235100.61235100.634900.6851700.7205800.6205800.62090244400.041833099.3549999.0941300.1313700.8305599.0536900.663650573700.803068199.901785099.6975999.8148700.48511399.65242800.26573700.8306820076000511400143700.19574800.7513100.2595800.111431208512915900.791000.5/7231400.72043100.2622500.43022600.3MPA2420%8.0%303700.0829400.26325800.97400.4/129000.0643200.4856600.0860%10%2200613400.7()7600.96()32001400.88();cr792200.739300.876170100.525336900304257055550%1.520.18520.06381400.92/7900.91/190100.79/()323300.5852500.34300.622.7.2.7()(Km2)(/)///20046500.7316400.71323300.5852500.34300.62()2006429600MPA25330000996001068300.633200.5532002.82.8(/)(/)(/)2310007000057540023000.162300.0238100011300189600.65600.89300.76609000183003033004500.50600.07330000996001068300.633200.553200.882.9.2.9(/)(%)(/)(%)(/)(%)1151100.4623.351200.701.410100.381.051785000.6936.22487480053.87242800.2625.041668800.50495000.40792200.73381400.9233.8610.0516.077.7446800.0529400.269300.887900.9144.2420.3210.3813.54664000.40303700.08170100.53190100.7968.4731.3217.5419.61323300.586.56300.620.4552500.345.425.34000.010.330.04200.320.024928900.1210092700.18100969700.71002.91998MPA2619211.92.1”1998465GDP5.93%”2010211998220002010199652201200199820002000520051225MPA271996-2001120199820003200019981999200152000346%62%24%20075292442%2006MPA2860116(52.9/)2.210/3.7/)2.7(2.9):MPA2985%(2.5)30()MPA30MPA31GDPGDPGDPGDPGDPGDPGDP0.5%1%~1.5%1/5000520MPA324402080002000195519805942502004720005[]2001MPA33206080197210198343199741983820901020016282561573739317420005[]—1990MPA3420701977196919721973“”“””“1996100/10/”19721997251.52(1000)25199725711211984200242002420024[]1990MPA351986199220053232220058MPA36100018581503003801853–19741000106514620.2%199712002110MPA37,()20018MPA3850%25%1/619981001/10602004720024MPA39GDP()10%-20%()”MPA40””()()MPA41()()()MPA4290%()()()2420%MPA4350%201070%40%201012MP