如何创造更好的环境

–••••••EmissionsinFinlandforSO2,NOx,NH3,VOC01002003004005006007001980198219841986198819901992199419961998200020022004YearktSO2NOxNH3VOCFECC–•FECC•2006••FECC•FECC“CleantechFinland”••••••Phosphorousdischarges020040060080010001980198519901995200020032005t/aOtherindustriesPulpandpaperFinnishEnvironmentInstitute•¾4(5)¾¾¾••Hydropower12,6%Wind0,2%Peat6,9%Biofuels11,3%Nuclearpower24,4%Naturalgas10,9%Coal17,9%Oil2,0%Netimports12,7%Wastefuels1,1%Hydropower12,6%Wind0,2%Peat6,9%Biofuels11,3%Nuclearpower24,4%Naturalgas10,9%Coal17,9%Oil2,0%Netimports12,7%Wastefuels1,1%Coal29%Peat18%Wood11%Oil5%Others4%Naturalgas33%Fuelenergyintotal,year200653,5TWhCoal29%Peat18%Wood11%Oil5%Others4%Naturalgas33%Fuelenergyintotal,year200653,5TWh20062006145TWh122TWh36TWh8TWh396TWh()85TWh27%43%20%7%3%54%24%17%4%1%41%29%18%4%8%31%27%28%8%6%40%29%20%2%9%72%559%9–CourtesyofWärtsilä•:byWärtsilä:ProcesswaterFeedwaterHotwaterSteamAirFluegasAshFuelOptionalFuelstorageFeedwatertankMulticyclone/ESP*AshstorageSteamturbineToprocessFromprocessWatertreatmentMainprocessdiagram:500600700800900100040453550Efficiency,%PFCFBOTSCPulverisedfuelCirculatingfluidised-bedOnce-throughsupercriticalsteamcycleCFBCFB80%coal20%biomass100%coalPFOTSCCFBOTSCCFBOTSCPFBoilerperformanceimprovementbyOTSCtechnologyCO2emission,kg/MWh(electricity):CO2-Kokemäki,Finland-plantundercomissioning-totalinvestment4.8M€-electricefficiency30%NovelgasifierTarreformerGascoolerandFilterScrubber3GasenginesOptimalplant:-biomassmoisture50%-dryingto25%bywasteheat-powerefficiency35-37%-suitableto0.5-5MWe→50-85%0102030405060ChinanewbuildingcodeLowenergynoheatrecoveryinventilationLowenergySpaceheatingdemand(kWh/m2)•KONEModulateLineBridge(MLB)()25%•Finndomo••••••••••••••••••ICT•PuzairXMIT-WasteConveyors:•:•,•,•,•EcoSirdeepcollectioncontainers•KvaernerPowerOyFosterWheelerEnergyltd•••BMHEnviroCrossWrapOy•KuusakoskiRecyclingWasteFBCplantinStockholm,byFosterWheelerCRT–(BMHEnviro)•()••••••KemiraWater.Kemicond•Uponor,BiolanOyGreenRockBiolanGreywaterBiostone•YITViikinmäki,Helsinki,Finland••L&TBiolanOy••••••••••:•••Gasmet•••Dekati•ELPI•VaisalaGroup•ITS–••IT•••••.•Ecocat2008.•Finnkatalyt••VTTSt1Biofuels••(NExBTLbyNesteOil)•:••••2007•20052005GDP3.5%0.6%2%VTT-VTT:VTT::VTT:VTT20067ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ4627002.339ƒƒƒƒICTƒƒƒƒƒVTTVTTVTT•:•••••••••ICT•