实践八号卫星飞行环境中不同因素对小麦的诱变效应

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2010,36(5):764−770:[e-mail]([2003]138),(863)(2007AA100102),(2008BAD97B01,2009BAA24B05),()(200803034)(CRP14195,CPR5017)*(Correspondingauthor):,E-mail:[e-mail];Tel:[phone]Received():2009-11-26;Accepted(:2010-01-13.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00764实践八号卫星飞行环境中不同因素对小麦的诱变效应郭会君靳文奎赵林姝赵世荣赵洪兵刘录祥*/,100081:1×g3,,,98718(SP1),18,987,3;33SP2;987182,18,(0.48%),,,:;;;;;MutagenicEffectsofDifferentFactorsinSpaceflightEnvironmentofShijian-8SatelliteinWheatGUOHui-Jun,JINWen-Kui,ZHAOLin-Shu,ZHAOShi-Rong,ZHAOHong-Bing,andLIULu-Xiang*InstituteofCropSciences,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences/NationalKeyFacilityforCropGeneResourcesandGeneticImprovement,Beijing100081,ChinaAbstract:Spaceenvironmentmainlyconsistedofcosmicraysandmicrogravityisakindofcomplicatedmutagen,andhasbeenusedforplantmutationinductionandbreeding.IntherecoverablesatelliteShijian-8thatwaslaunchedforbreedingpurposeonSeptember9,2006,seedsofthreewheat(TriticumaestivumL.)cultivars,Lunxuan987,Xinmai18,andZhoumai18,wereloaded.Inthe1×gcentrifuge,300seedsofeachvarietyweretreatedwithspacecosmicrays(CR-E),andintheleadscreencontainerandthesatellitecapsule,500seedsofeachcultivarweretreatedwithmicrogravity(Mg-E)andcomprehensivefactorsofspaceenvi-ronment(SPc-E),respectively.Thetreatedseedsweregerminatedatroomtemperatureandtransplantedinthefieldaftervernali-zation,theinhibitioneffectsofthethreetreatmentswereevaluatedandthemutageniceffectsonwheatwerecompared.IntheSPc-Etreatment,growthofseedlingswassignificantlyinhabitedinthefirstgeneration(SP1)ofLunxuan987andXinmai18,whereasnosignificanteffectwasobservedintheseedlinggrowthofZhoumai18.IntheCR-Etreatment,onlythegrowthofLunxuan987seedlingswassignificantlyinhibited.TheMg-Etreatmenthadnosignificanteffectonseedlinggrowthinallthethreecultivars.NosignificantvariationsweredetectedinmainagronomictraitsintheSP1generation.IntheSP2generation,therewereobviousmutationsinphenotypesofthethreecultivars,suchasplantheight,spikelength,andthousand-grainweight.InLunxuan987andXinmai18,thehighestmutationfrequencywasobservedintheSPc-Etreatment,followedbytheCR-Etreat-ment,andthelowestmutationfrequencyintheMg-Etreatment.Anovelinheritablemutantofstriated-albinoleaf,withthefre-quencyof0.48%,appearedintheSP2populationofXinmai18undertheSPc-Econdition.Amongthethreetreatments,compre-hensivefactorsofspaceenvironmentinducedthemostfrequentmutationsofwheat,indicatingthesynergisticeffectbetweencosmicraysandmicrogravity,whilethesingleeffectofmicrogravitywasmuchlowerthanthatofcosmicrays.Keywords:Wheat;Spaceflight;Cosmicrays;Microgravity;Biologicaldamage;Mutageniceffect5:765,1987,,,[1-2],(SP1),,,[3-6],,2(SP2),[7-9]DNA[10-11],[12],,,SP2,200699,92020,()3,SP1SP2,,1材料与方法1.13(TriticumaestivumL.),9871818987;1818,1.2,1×g(1)1×g,(CR-E);,(Mg-E);,,SPc-E1×g300,500,42h(),20℃;,4℃200699,15d180km,469km,63°;7.21~20.72℃,,4.447mGy,2.894mGy,1.3×10−3g图1用于抵消微重力和屏蔽宇宙射线的1×g离心机和铅屏蔽室Fig.1Centrifuge(1×g)foroffsettinggravityofearthandleadscreencontainerforshieldingcosmicraysA:1×g;B:A:1×gcentrifuge;B:leadscreencontainer.Arrowsshowplacestoloadseeds.1.3SP1321℃50,,,2766367,10,;20073,,20,(%)=/×100%;(%)=(−)/×100%1.4SP2SP1SP2,2m,25cm,10cm,203000~6000,,,,,±22d,,(%)=/×100%1.5MicrosoftExcelSP1,SAS8.012结果与分析2.1SP13,(1),,3,987,(1);18;1832.2SP118,,;98718,(2)2.3SP23SP2表13种空间环境因素对小麦SP1代发芽率及幼苗损伤的影响Table1GerminationrateanddamagepercentageofwheatseedlingsinducedbythreefactorsofspaceenvironmentSeedlingheightRootlengthCultivarTreatmentGerminationrate(%)Mean(cm)Damagepercentage(%)Mean(cm)Damagepercentage(%)Control100.0±0.0a13.7±1.0a14.7±1.3aSPc-E94.0±2.8a10.4±1.2c24.011.1±2.5c24.6CR-E80.0±1.4a11.9±1.5b12.912.3±2.4bc16.1987Lunxuan987Mg-E89.0±1.4a12.5±0.6ab9.013.8±1.1ab5.7Control98.0±2.8a14.8±0.9a18.3±1.2aSPc-E99.0±1.4a13.3±1.4b10.516.7±0.9b8.6CR-E100.0±0.0a14.6±0.6a1.517.3±1.2a5.718Xinmai18Mg-E99.0±1.4a14.5±0.9a2.318.3±1.3a0.1Control100.0±0.0a16.3±1.4a18.6±1.8aSPc-E97.0±1.4a16.5±1.2a–1.217.6±0.9a5.4CR-E98.0±2.8a16.0±1.4a1.817.1±1.1a7.918Zhoumai18Mg-E96.0±0.0a16.0±1.5a1.716.0±1.5a13.8Control:;SPc-E:;CR-E:;Mg-E:2±,SPc-E:treatmentofcomprehensivefactorsofspaceenvironment;CR-E:treatmentofcosmicradiation;Mg-E:treatmentofmicrogra-vity.Dataarepresentedasmeans±SDoftworeplications.Ineachcultivar,valuesfollowedbythesameletterarenotsignificantlydifferentamongtreatmentsaccordingtoLSR-test.5:767表23种经空间环境因素处理后小麦SP1代主要农艺性状表现Table2MainagronomictraitsinSP1generationofwheatvarietiesinducedbythreefactorsofspaceenvironmentsCultivar处理Treatment株高Plantheight(cm)有效穗Spikesperplant穗长Spikelength(cm)小穗数Spikeletsperspike穗粒数Grainsperspike千粒重1000-grainweight(g)Control54.5±4.6a3.3±1.1a7.5±0.6a15.7±1.4a39.7±8.4a37.8±8.5aSPc-E57.0±3.8a3.0±0.6a7.3±0.5a15.8±1.6a38.0±11.8a39.4±6.1aCR-E57.3±4.0a3.2±0.9a7.8±0.8a16.1±1.5a39.5±14.3a40.7±11.1a987Lunxuan987Mg-E54.9±4.3a3.2±1.0a7.3±0.6a15.6±1.6a39.3±10.7a43.1±6.8aControl47.4±4.2a2.7±1.1a6.9±0.8a18.3±1.8a54.0±11.4a32.2±5.8aSPc-E48.4±3.4a2.2±0.9bc6.7±0.8ac17.8±1.7a46.6±10.0a32.2±7.0aCR-E48.9±3.3a2.5±0