土壤—水稻系统重金属污染的研究现状和展望

X1,2,1(1.,330045;2.,330200):,:;;:S153.61:A:1001-8581(2004)01-0041-08[1],,,,,11.1,020cm,PbCd,,,,Pb,Cd[2]PbCdpH[3]Hg[4]As,,[5]Cr2040cm,,Cr,[67]1.2,(020cm),40cm,,[8]AsCuPbCd,(pH5.36.8),,3040cm[5]Hg,95%,,Hg,[9]22.12004,16(1):4148ActaAgriculturaeJiangxiX:2003-10-15:(1974-),,,,©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.2.1.1(Cd)Cd,,CdCd,,Cd,,,,,[10],,Cd150mg/kg10%30%,Cd200mg/kg,,,,12.3%[11],,Cd,Cd100mg/kg20%50%,200mg/kg,,,,[11]Cd,Cd0.01mg/kg,,17%,4%;0.05mg/kg,23%,8%;0.1mg/kg,20%,70%[12][27],Cd;,,,,,,,Cd,[13]2.1.2(Pb)Pb(),Pb,[10][14],Pb400mg/kg,,,,;1000mg/kg,,Pb,10%Pb345mg/kg;,10%Pb700mg/kg[11]Pb,,,[10];,Pb,,,Pb[15],Pb,[16],Pb,Pb[17],,,2.1.3(As)AsAs,,AsAs,,Eh,,[14],As,2416©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,;,,;,,,,[11],,10%,As12.95mg/kg;,As35.59mg/kg10%As:[18];,[19],,,;As,[20];,ATP[18]2.1.4(Hg)Hg,,,HgHgHg,,Hg,,,,,,,;,,[21]Hg,a/b[22],,10%Hg1.25mg/kg;,10%Hg3.00mg/kg[11]2.1.5(Cr)Cr(CrO42-),,Cr,[9],,,CrCr,[23]Cr6Cr3Cr,50mg/kg,100mg/kg,(10%),,,,,,[24],,10%Cr118.2mg/kg()703.5mg/kg();,17%Cr()150mg/kg[11],,[2526],,POD[27]2.2,,,[28]2080,[29],2090,CdPbZn[30,31],CdPbCuZnNi[8],CdPb[32]CdPbCuZnAs[33],PbZnAs[34][28]PbCdCuZn,CuCuCu,,,;Cu-,ZnP,Cu,Cu,Cu,341:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,Pb,PbZnAs,,0%[34][34]CdPbCuZnAs,,,,0.4%4.8%,CdPbCuZnAs,CdPb,[36],Cu;AsCuCu,CdPbCu[14][35],CdPbCuZnAs,PbZnAs,Cd;CuZnCdPb,CdPb[37],PbCd,CdPb,33.1,[10],CdPbHgCrAs,,[38]Cd,1580[14]Pb65%75%,22%32%,2%,1%[14]CuHgAs1520,[32],,:AsCdHgPbCr[38]3.23.2.1,,,,,,Cr3+,300mg/kg,,10000mg/kg,[14],-,(100mg/kg),Cd12%35%,Cd35%46%,Cd15%46%[39],3.2.2pH,Cd2+Co2+Ni2+Cu2+Pb2+pHpH,,As,,pH,H2AsO1-4H2AsO42-pH,,As[40][14],pHCd,pH,Cd,4416©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.pH,Cd3.2.3Eh,,,[35]Eh,,,EhAs,Eh,As,,[18]Eh,,As,3.2.4,,,,[40],CdCl2CdSO4CdSHg,[41],Hg,HgCl2HgOHgSCr,,;,,,,3.2.5[42],+CaMgP,Cd31.5%55%Hg,,40%;,Hg[41],,,[41][43]Cd,KClCd,K2SO4ClCd,SO42-Cd2+CdSCd,,Cd[44,45],3.2.6[14],CdCd,,Cd,,,,Cd[39],,As[46]3.2.7,CdPbAsHgCrCd0.20mg/kg(GB15201-94)Pb1.00mg/kg(GB2715-81)As0.70mg/kg(GB13106-91)Hg0.70mg/kg(GB2715-81)Cr0.60mg/kg(GB1350-86),CdPbAsHgCr4mg/kg700mg/kg45.7mg/kg0.20mg/kg94mg/kg[11],[34],541:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,4,[47],,[47],(63),Cd;(),;()[48][49,50],,,[51]3:(MT)(MT-like)(PC)3,,[48]2090,MT-likeMT1(rgMT)MT2(OsMT-1),rgMT,,[48]5,,,(1),,(2),,,(3),,,(4),(5),,:[1].[M].:,1996.7158.[2],.PbCd[J].,1994,13(4):152157.[3],,,.[J].,2000,34(1):3034.[4],,,.[J].,1984,(4):826416©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.91.[5],.[J].,1983,4(2):4851.[6],,,.[J].,1982,3(6):710.[7].[J].,1989,10(5):7880.[8],.[J].,1990,10(2):145151.[9].[M].:,1995.8386.[10].[M].:,1992.7275.[11].[M].:,1988.9597.[12].[M].:,1990.91108.[13],,.[J].,1998,18(3):313317.[14].[M].:,1986.8185.[15],,.[J].,1991,11(6):426431.[16],,.[J].,1986,6(4):312322.[17],.[J].,2002,25(2):3234.[18].[J].,1996,28(2):8589.[19]MorrisHE.Injurytogrowingcropscausedbytheapplicationofaraenicalcompoundstothesoil[J].JAgrRes.,1927,34:5978.[20].[J].,1978,5(3):181185.[21].[J].,1980,1(6):50.[22],,,.HgCd[J].,1999,19(5):521525.[23].[D].:,1997.[24].[D].:,1990.[25],,,.[J].,1983,3(3):277285.[26],.6246[J].,1981,(5):1418.[27],.CdCr[J].,1999,5(1):1115.[28],.[J].,1989,21(1):10.[29]Bingham,F.T.,Page.A.L.,Storong.J.E.Yieldandcadmiumcontentofricegraininrelationtoadditionratesofcadmium,copper,nicklandzincwithsewagesludgeandliming[J].SoilScience,1980,130(6):3238.[30].CdPbZn[J].,1984,4(3):231235.[31],.[J].,1999,22(1):2328.[32],.CdPbCuZnAs[J].,1998,17(2):4954.[33],.[J].,1994,20(1):6771.741:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[34],.[J].,1998,17(5):193196.[35],.,.[J].,1997,8(2):207212.[36],,.[J].,1995,6(4):433439.[37],,,.PbCd[J].,2001,12(4):619622.[38],.Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd[J].,2002,21(2):110116.[39].[M].:,1989.7578.[40],,.[J].,1982,(1):1924.[41],.[J].,1983,4(6):3235.[42],.[J].,1995,6(4):440444.[43],.[J].,1996,1(3):6570.[44],.[J].,1998,17(2):5559.[45].[J].,1982,19(4):360366.[46],.[M].:.1995.165.[47],,.Cd[J].,1999,19(1):104107.[48],,.[A].21[C].:,2000.178185.[49]Nishizono,H.,H.Minemura,S.Suzuki,etal.Aninduciblecopper-thiolatecomplexinthefern,Athyriumyokoscense:Involvementincopper-toleranceofthefern[J].PlantCellPhysiol.,1988,29:13451351.[50]Rauser,W.E.Occurrenceofmetal-bindingproteinsinplants[A].ProceedingsofInternationalConferenceonHeavyMetalsintheEnvironment[C].Amsterdan:1981.[51]Peterson,PJ.ThedistributionofZinc-65inAgrostistenuisSibth.andA.stoloniferaL.tissuses[J].J.Experi.Bot.,1969,20:863875.CurrentSituationandProspectsofResearchesonHeavyMetalsPollutioninSoil-RiceSystemYUShou-wu1,2,LIUYi-bai1(1.CollegeofAgronomy,JiangxiAgriculturalUniversity,Nanchang330045,China;2.RiceResearchInstitute,JiangxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Nanchang330200,China)Abstract:Thecurrentsituationofresearchesonheavymetalspollutioninsoil-ricesystemissum2marized,includingtheformsanddistributionofheavymetalsinpaddy,physiologicalandecologicalef2fectsofheavymetalsonrice,severalfactorswhichhaveinfluen