埋地管道出土端的补偿设计

西南石油学院油建工程系　四川省南充市　637001为了防止埋地油气输送管道出土端的位移对设备或跨越管道的不良影响,我国普遍采用在出土处设置固定墩的办法来限制埋地管道的位移。锚固墩耗费水泥和钢材,且施工不便。实际上,也可设置自然补偿器或膨胀节来吸收管道的位移。本文以管道自然补偿器为例,列出了埋地管道出土端位移的补偿设计的一系列实用公式。若补偿器采用的是膨胀节,将自然补偿器的刚度换成膨胀节的轴向刚度,这些公式仍然可用。文章还对国内外油气管道规范关于自然补偿器的强度验算方法进行了比较分析,并提出了笔者的看法,供大家探讨。:,,,,:,;,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,1图1　梯形补偿器示意图,,:c=1EI2ksn3c3-4sin+12sin2+cl2c-22clc(-sin)+23sinl3c-23c(1-cos)3+32c(1-cos)2lc-6c(1-cos)l2c+l2clw(1)cEIksnksn=1+12!2c10+12!2c(!c0.3)!c/1.65(!c0.3)(2)!c61997!c=4tc(D-t)2(3)tcDlclw=∀2(1)∀(2a):c=1EI1ksn(1.423c+3.14cl2c-2.282clc)+0.67l3c-1.333c+2lc2c+lwl2c-4cl2c(4)图2　补偿器示意图2b123Z:c=1EI1ksn3c3-4sin+12sin2+l2cc-22clc(-sin)+13sinl3c-23c(1-cos)3+3lc2c(1-cos)2-3l2cc(1-cos)(5)90,=∀2,Z(2c):c=12EI1ksn(1.423c+3.14cl2c-2.282clc)+0.67l3c-1.333c+2lc2c-2l2cc(6)2d#:c=l3c3EI(7)∃c:∃c=1/c(8),,,,,,,1.,(1),(9),(10):Sr%tf1+∃cEF%1(9)&c=a1-1-ba2(10)a=Sr∃c+EFtf∃2cb2=Sr∃c2+tf%∃c2(11)Sr=(∋E&T+0.2(n)F(12)∋E&T(n(n=PD2t(13)PDtF%=∀D0cx0EF(14)D0cx0,7211tf,N/mtf=qPtg)so+2%socn∀D20tg)so+0.6∀D0cso(15)qP,N/m%so)socso(N/m3)(N/m2)cn1cxo(MPa/cm)ILesocxo0.50.50.60.610.70.710.80.80.0330.0300.0270.0250.0250.0250.0210.0210.0190.0190IL0.250.0350.0330.0300.0300.0300.25IL0.750.0350.0320.0300.0250.0250IL0.30.0380.0350.0350.0320.0300.3IL0.750.0350.0330.0300.0250.0200IL0.30.0400.0380.0350.0330.0300.3IL0.750.0450.0400.0350.0300.030:cn=0.416hD0-0.056hD02+0.095(16):cn=0.367hD0-0.046hD02+0.06(17)h&cb/a0.1,,(10):&c=b22a(18)∃c,:&c=12EFS2rtf+tf%2(19)(2),(9),&c(20):&c=SrEF%+∃c(20)2.,(∀)Z,,,(1),(21),&c(22):Sr%tf1+2∃cEF%1(21)&c=2A1-1-BA2(22)A=EFtf4∃2c+Sr2∃cB2=Sr2∃c2+tf2%∃c2(23)B/A0.1,(22):&c=B2A(24)∃c,:&c=1EFS2rtf+tf%2(25)(2),(21),&c(26):&c=2SrEF%+2∃c(26),Hc&c:Hc=&c/c=&c∃c(27)Hc,:Mcom,l=Hclc=&c∃clc(28)Mcom,l∀Z,81997(com,l:(com,l=Mcom,lWii=&c∃clciiW(29)Wii,(30):ii=0.9!2/3c(30)345(30),2(30)!c0.3#:(com,l=&c∃clcW(31):()2;356;,,422(com,l0.72(s(32)0.5(n+(B[(]1(33)(com,l+0.5(n+(B(s(34)!2.05.0685ANSIB31.486,[(]1=0.54(sANSIB31.885,[(]1=0.75[(]CAN/CSAZ184,[(]1=[(]*:2,(s[(]ANSIB31.8CAN/CSA-Z184[(](B245,(B;ANSIB31.436,(B()(com,l,,(com,l(29)(31),(com,l(com,l,(com,lANSIB31.43,,2(com,l2,,,,,,&T(),&T,,,,,,,:(1),0.72(sANSIB31.3,1.5[(]1.5(s2=0.75(s,:92(2)(3),(4),7,:(com,l+0.5(n[(](35)2:(com,l+0.5(n+(B[(](36),,[(](s,(36)(34),,(B,,(35),,(com,l,(B,(35)(33)(34),(35),,[(]1=0.75[(],(32)(33),;,,[(]1=0.75[(],,[(]=0.72(s,[(]1=0.54(s,,7(5.15),21()∀#,∀∃,..:,19882%&∋(2.05.0685.3ANSI/ASMEB31.41986.4ANSI/ASMEB31.81985.5CAN/CSAZ184M92.6InstituteofPetroleum.PipelineSafetyCode.4thedition,Dec.19827CECS15:90.,1991(收稿日期:1996年10月23日)T101aT101a1996T101a(),T101a();;,,1994,,,,,,:T101a(),,,()101997