我国流域事故污染源搜索的困境与方法初探

第20卷第1期2009年2月水资源与水工程学报JournalofWaterResources&WaterEngineeringVol.20No.1Feb.,2009　:2008-10-17:(1977-),(),,,,:刘颖,刘丹(,610031):,,,,,,,:;;:X522:A:1672-643X(2009)01-0072-06StudyonthePredicamentandMethodinSearchingaAccidentalPollutionSourceinWatershedLIUYing,LIUDan(SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,SouthwestJiaotongUniversity,Chengdu,Sichuan610031,China)Abstract:Studyingontheactualityofsearchingtheaccidentalpollutionsourcesinwatershedandthesurfacewatermonitoring,thepredicamentisanalyzedinsearchingtheaccidentalpollutionsourceinwa-tershed.TheCurrentresearchworksinsearchofaccidentalpollutionsourcesisrestrictedbytheeco-nomicandtechnicalfactors,sothemonitoringabilityandtechniquetomeetemergencywithhigheffi-ciencycannotplayaroleinashortperiod.Baseduponwhich,itispointedoutthatthekeytodealingwiththeaccidentalwaterpollutionistoutilizeoptimizedmethodtooptimallycollocatetheresourcesandathoughthasbeenmadeofabouttheoptimalsearchprocessfortheaccidentalpollutionsourcesinwater-shed.Thethoughtfocusesonthekerneltodetectpollutionsourcesquicklyandwinlesstimefordealingwiththeaccidentsquicklyandmakingdecisionaccurately,sothatthepollutedareacanbecontrolledef-ficiently,theaccidentaldurationcanbeshortenedandthelossoftheaccidentcanbeminimized.Keywords:watershed;paroxysmalaccidentpollutionsource;searchofpollutionsource,,20012006,,,,,,,,,,,1　我国流域事故性污染源搜索现状,;:,,;,;,,;,,,,,,;,,,,2　我国流域水环境监测现状2.1,;(1):()()()(2),,,,,,,1,1()12/6/4/12/6/4/12/(3),,,,,2,,,,,211/h71/6h2pH1/h81/6h31/h91/6h41/h101/6h51/h111/6h61/6h12131/6h1/h2.2,,,,,(5000t/d),-,-,HJ/T91-2002,:(1)(5+X):pH(TOC)(X)(2)5000t/d,,,10005000t/d,,1/1000t/d,35/!,(3)1,,24(4),,,73第1期　　　　　　　　　　　　刘颖,等:我国流域事故污染源搜索的困境与方法初探,,,,;,COD,[1,2]:100m3();100m3;;!14MW(20000kg/h);∀();#2.3,,,:(1),,;(),,,,,(2),,,,,,,,;(),,,(),,3　流域事故污染源搜索面临的困境,,:3.1,,,1000km,111,59,108,5097km,1300(1000km231,5000km217),,663649,26,14,45,1,,320km123.2,,,,,3.3,,,,,,,,,,74　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　水资源与水工程学报　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2009年,,[3],,,,,,3.4,,,,,,,,,,,[4,5]4　流域事故污染源搜索研究现状[6,7]:,,,,,,;,,,,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15],,,,[16],[17]NOAA/AVHRR,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]GISGIS/ESMapInfoARC/INF,,,:(1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)GISGIS/ESMapInfoARC/INF;;,,,3SWebGIS;,75第1期　　　　　　　　　　　　刘颖,等:我国流域事故污染源搜索的困境与方法初探(3),,,5　流域突发性水污染事故源搜索方法,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(,),,,,(U.S.CoastGuard)1957,,[28],,,,,,,,,6　流域事故性污染源最优搜索思想4:(),(),,!,,,,,,,6:(1),,,,,(2),,,(3),b(x,f(x),t)b(j,f(j),t),txj,xjf(x)f(j)(4),f(x)f(j):MaxXp(x)b(x,f(x),t)dxMaxjJp(j)b(j,f(j),t)(5)76　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　水资源与水工程学报　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2009年,,,(6),,,;,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,:[1].[J].,2002,19(2):41-43.[2],,,.[J].,2004,14(1):37-40.[3],.[J].,2003,19(2):41-43.[4],,.,,1998,5(4):15-17.[5],,.[J].,2004,(3):2-3.[6],.[J].,2005,36(10):90-93.[7].[D].,2005:32-33.[8].[J].,1999,15(3):15-17.[9],.[J].,2002,22(6):26-30.[10],,,.[J].,2001,5(6):460-466.[11],,.[J].,2003,25(3):13-17.[12].[J].,1999,(4):44-46.[13],,,.[J].,2002,17(2):74-78.[14],,.[J].,2003,(2):3-8.[15],,,.[J].,2005,21(5):63-68.[16],.[J].,1998,(4):4-7.[17],.[J].,2005,29(2):173-177.[18],,,.[J].,2005,20(6):630-634.[19],,,.[J].,2005,31(1):58-60.[20].GIS[J].,2000,20(6):5-6.[21],.[J].,2000,36(2):8-10.[22],,.GIS/ES[J].,1999,19(5):567-572.[23],,,.WebService/WebGIS[J].,2004,(11):185-188.[24],.GIS[J].(),2002,29(2):198-201.[25],,.GIS[J].,2002,14(4):18-20.[26],,,.GIS[J].,2002,24(4):224-225.[27],,.[J].,2004,24(4):498-501.[28].[J].,2005,27(4):39-49.77第1期　　　　　　　　　　　　刘颖,等:我国流域事故污染源搜索的困境与方法初探