文化环境与商业文化

TheculturalenvironmentandthebusinesscultureMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-2FEB6902WhatisCulture?Asystemofvaluesandnormssharedamongagroupofpeopleand,whentakentogether,constituteadesignforliving.McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-3FEB6903Whatisculture?Cultureiseverythingthatpeoplehave,thinkordoasmembersoftheirsocietysharedbytwoormorepeopletransmittedbyalearningprocess___________________________CULTURECONSISTSOF:MaterialobjectsIdeas,valuesandattitudesNormativeorexpectedpatternsofbehaviourMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-4FEB6904CulturaluniversalsEconomicsystemMarriageandfamilysystemEducationalsystemSocialcontrolsystemSupernaturalbeliefsystemMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-5FEB6905CultureisDynamicCulturalChangeMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-6FEB6906NormsandValuesNorms:Socialrulesandguidelinesthatprescribeappropriatebehaviourinparticularsituations.Folkways:•Routineconventionsofeverydaylife.Mores:•Centraltofunctioningofsocietyanditssociallife.Values:Abstractideasaboutwhatagroupbelievestobegood,right,anddesirable.Thebedrockofculture.Haveemotionalsignificance.•Freedom.McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-7FEB6907Culture,SocietyandtheNation-StateNation-StatesarepoliticalcreationsNotastrictone-to-onecorrespondenceMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-8FEB6908DeterminantsofCultureCulture:NormsandValueSystemsEducationEconomicPhilosophyPoliticalPhilosophyReligionLanguageSocialStructureMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-9FEB6909SocialStructureMobileManagersHardtoBuildTeamsLackofLoyaltyEntrepreneurshipIndividualWesternLackofEntrepreneurshipLifetimeEmploymentIdentityGroupEasternNonmobileManagersGrouptwoormoreindividualswithasharedsenseofidentityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-10FEB69010ClassConsciousness:Mayplayaroleinafirm’soperationsSocialStratificationTypicallydefinedbyfamilybackground,occupation,andincome.Class:somesocialmobilityCaste:VirtuallynomobilityMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-11FEB69011ReligionSharedbeliefsandritualsconcernedwiththerealmofthesacred.EthicalSystems:Moralprinciplesorvaluesusedtoguideandshapebehavior.Shapesattitudestowardworkandentrepreneurshipandcanaffectthecostofdoingbusiness.McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-12FEB69012World’sReligions4%5%20%18%43%10%ChristianIslamHinduBuddhistConfucianOther/NonreligiousMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-13FEB69013World´sreligionsExistedsinceHinduism2000B.C.Buddism600B.CConfusianism500B.C.ChristianityCIslam600A.C.McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-14FEB69014ReligionandEconomicImplicationsChristianity“”ProtestantWorkEthic”and“TheSpiritofCapitalism””.IslamFavorsmarket-basedsystems.Nopaymentorreceiptofinterest.HinduismAsceticismmayhaveanimpact.Castesystemplaysarole.BuddhismLittleemphasisonentrepreneurialbehavior.ConfucianismLoyalty,reciprocalobligations,andhonestyindealings.McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-15FEB69015LanguageAllowspeopletocommunicate.Structuresthewaytheworldisperceived.Directsattentiontocertainfeaturesoftheworldratherthanothers.Helpsdefineculture.Createsseparatisttendencies?McGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-16FEB69016SpokenLanguage20%6%5%4%3%62%OtherChineseEnglishHindiRussianSpanishMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-17FEB69017LanguagedimensionsThespokenlanguageThewrittenlanguageTheofficiallanguageLinguisticpluralismLanguagehierarchyInternationallanguageMassmedialanguageThenon-spokenlanguage/body-languageMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-18FEB69018NonspokenLanguageNonverbalcues:eyebrowsfingers/thumbshandgesturesfeetpersonalspacebodygesturesMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-19FEB69019EducationFormaleducationsupplementsfamilyroleinteachingvaluesandnormsFocusonfactsofsocialandpoliticalnatureofsocietyObligationsofcitizenshipCulturalnormssuchasrespect,obedience,honestyForint’lbusiness,itisadeterminantofnationalcompetitiveadvantageMediumtolearnlanguage,conceptual,andmathskillsValueofpersonalachievementandcompetitionMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-20FEB69020LegalsystemsCivil/CodelawContinentalEurope.CodificationCommonlawAnglo-Saxon.Courtdecisions(precedents/prejudikat)Islamiclaw(Shari´a)MiddleEast&SouthAsia.13thcenturyfrozenIslamicmoralPoliticallawCommunistcountries.PoliticalcourtsTheculturalenvironmentandthebusinesscultureMcGraw-Hill/Irwin©2003TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReserved.3-22FEB6902