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403()Vol.40No.320015JournalofXiamenUniversity(NaturalScience)May2001:043820479(2001)0320706209:2000212206:(49825162,49976021):(1965-),,,.,(,,361005):,,,pCO2,..:;;;;:P716.5;X834:A;,..,,,,.,[13].;;FeMn;Mn.,,.,,,.,,,,.,,.©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.öL.1.1H+.,,,.pH,2,.,,O2pCO2,.ZhaoCai[4]pCO2,SeveringhauspCO2Pyrex,()pHpH,.pCO2,,0.4mVöh,610mVöh,1,.200LatmpCO2,pCO2,CO20.1%pCO2,pCO2.,pCO2.,,PVC.,pCO21098.pCO2,.1.2,,.,,,.(),7073:©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(FIA),(0.5mm),,.FIA[3].1.3,.,Zn2+,,nano2molöLZn2+.,2(K2kFkR),,,.,,.,.,.,.;,.1.4,,,.,,solenoid,,.(25cm),.,;,;,;,.,.3:(10s1),(1),2(1mm).1):,,.,,100%;.90%..807()2001©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)2:2,,.,,.,2,,10mm,,.pHpCO2CaCO3CO2CaCO3.,,.3):,,,,(6,1).,,,,.,,,.,.,;(),;,;.,,.1996CapeHatteras406CO24,,,,,.2,,,(),,,.9073:©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5].[6],,DNA,.,,1[5]Tab.1Biochemicalmechanismsofenvironmentalapplicationofbiosensors,DNADNADNA,1[9]Fig.1Relevanttimeandspacescalesofseveralphysicalandbiologicalprocessesimportantforinterdiciplinaryglobalstudies(fromDickey,1993)[5,7],.,(1)3:1),.2),DNA.3),,.:1),017()2001©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.),;3),.,.3109[8,9](1),,[9,10],GOOS(GlobalOceanObservationSystem).22[9]Fig.2Aconceptualillustrationofnestedbio2physicalsamplingplatformsandsensorsdesignedtosampleprocesseswithabroadrangeoftemporalandspatialscales(FromDickey,1993),,.(ROV)(AUV)[11].2.4,,,,,,.[12].4.1(Neutrally2BuoyantSedimentTraps,NBST),,..WoodsHoleJamesPrice1995(NBST)[13](3).NBST,,[14],.4.2234Th,234Th.1173:©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[13]Fig.3SchematicoftheprototypeNBSTdesignedbyJamesF.Price(FromValdesandPrice,2000)Mclane,WetlabsWetstarC2star()WetlabsWetstar()Sea2birdSBE16DO().MclaneJGOFS,36V22m3,1,.5,MontereyBayAquariumResearchInstitute(MBARI)Osmo[15],3NO3-,5000.,.,.,.,.1997Guay320nm420nmDOC[16];a[17],.,PCBsDNA,,MBARI,,,RNA,19975SantaCruz.,C,234Th.,[18].217()2001©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[19],,.,,.:[1]DeGrandpreMD,BellerbyRGJ.Chemicalsensorsinmarinescience[J].Oceanus,1995,38:30-32.[2]JohnsonKS,CoaleKH,JannaschHW.Analyticalchemistryinoceanography[J].AnalyticalChemistry,1992,64(22):1065A-1075A.[3]JohnsonK,ReimersC,DeGrandpreM.In2SituChemicalAnalysisReport[R],WorkshopontheFutureofChemicalOceanographyintheU.S(FOCUS),ReportIX,1998.[4]ZhaoP,CaiW.AnimprovedpotentiometricpCO2microelectrode[J].AnalyticalChemistry,1997,69(24):5052-5058.[5]RogersKR.Environmentalbiosensors:principlesandapplications[A].DivisionofEnvironmentalChemistryPreprintsofExtendedAbstract[C],DivisionofEnvironmentalChemistry,Inc.,AmericanChemicalSociety,1997,37(1):209-211.[6],,.[J].,1999,18(2):1-3.[7],,.[J].,1999,11(2):12-16.[8]DickeyTD.Theemergenceofconcurrenthigh-resolutionphysicalandbio2opticalmeasurementsintheupperoceanandtheirapplications[J].ReviewsofGeophysics,1991,29(3):383-413.[9]DickeyTD.Technologyandrelateddevelopmentsforinterdisciplinaryglobalstudies[J].SeaTechnology,1993,August,47-53.[10]DickeyTD,GranataTC,Taupier2LetageI.Automatedinsituobservationsofupperoceanbiogeochemistry,bio2optics,andphysicsandtheirpotentialuseforglobalstudies[A].ProceedingsoftheOceanClimateDataWorkshop[C].Greenbelt,Maryland,USA:GoddardSpaceFlightCenter,1992.317-353.[11]IrionR.Instrumentscastfresheyesonthesea[J].Science,1998,281:194-196.[12].[A].:.[C].:,2000.98-113.[13]ValdesJR,PriceJF.Aneutrallybuoyant,upperoceansedimenttrap[J].JournalofAtmosphericandOceanicTechnology,2000,17(1):62-68.[14]BuesselerKO,SteinbergDK,MichaelsAF,etal.Acomparisonofthequantityandcompositionof3173:©1994-2006ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[J],Deep2SeaResearchI,2000,47(2):277-294.[15].90[J].,1999,18(1):1-17.[16]GuayCK,KlinkhammerGP,FalknerKK,etal.High2resolutionmeasurementsofdissolvedorganiccarbonintheArcticOceanbyinsitufiber2opticspectrometry[J].GeophysicalResearchLetters,1999,26(8):1007-1010.[17],,,.[J].,1997,15(2):64-69.[18].[A].:.[C].:,2000.155-170.[19].[J].,1997,16(4):1-10.AnoverviewontheapplicationofinsitutechnologyinmarineenvironmentalscienceDAIMin2han,ZHAIWei2dong(XiamenUniv.,KeyLab.forMarineEnvironmentalSci.ofMinistryofEducation,Xiamen361005,China;EnvironmentalScienceResearchCentre,XiamenUniv.,Xiamen361005,China)Abstract:Recentdevelopmentandapplicationofinsituchemicalsensors,chemicalanalyzers,biosensorsaswellasinterdisciplinaryinsituobservationarysystemsarereviewedinthispaper.Insitusamplingtechnologiesarealsodiscussed.AnovelpCO2microelectrodeandrecentlydesignedneutrally2buoyantsedimenttrapsandaninsitupumpingsy