清代四川土地开发与环境变迁

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()20066JOURNALOFSOUTHWESTJIAOTONGUNIVERSITYJun.200673(SocialSciences)Vol.7No.3[]2005210215[](1965-),,,,(,510320)[];;;;[],,,,,,,,,,:,[]K249[]A[]1009-4474(2006)03-0087-06LandReclamationandEnvironmentalChangesinSichuanDuringtheQingDynasty:FocusingontheProblemofSoilErosionZHOUBang2jun(TeachingDepartmentofPoliticalThoughtsandTheories,GuangdongCollegeofBusiness,Guangzhou510320,China)Keywords:theQingDynasty;Sichuan;landreclamation;environmentalchanges;soilerosionAbstract:IntheendoftheMingDynastyandatthebeginningoftheQingDynasty,Sichuanwasovergrownwithmessyvegetationandtigersbecameaseriouscalamity.Thereforethelocalpeoplehadtoreducethenaturalvegetionenourmously,andtoeliminatetigers,whichmadetheecologicalenvironmentchangeremarkably.Duringthemid2lateQingDynasty,Sichuanpeasantsmademoreeffortstoreclaimhillyandmountainouslands,whichwasbothanimportantchanneltoincreasearablelandandamajorfactorinsoilerosionthatdidratherbigharmtonotonlythefertilityofSichuanlandbuttheregionsinthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtseRiver.Duringthedynasty,Sichuanpeasantsproducedcertaineffectsinwaterandsoilmaintenance,buttheireffortswerestillfarfromsufficient.Thelessoncanbeseriouslydrawnfromthehistory:predatoryeconomicpatternmustbeforbiddenandtheconceptofsustainableandscientificdevelopmentmustbeupheld.:,,,,,,,,,,()7,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,2:(1659),,,,,,2,,(1646),,,(1704)(1738),3:605,228;74,42:,,?!1,,,,,,,4,,(1739),,,,3,,,,,,,,,,3,3,2,,,,,;,,,,,,3,,3000,,,50%5,,,,,,,,,,,(indica2tor),:,,6,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7,,,,,:,883,,,,,8,()1.,,,,,,,,,72.,,,,9,():,,,,,10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11,,,9,,7,,,,,,,:,,,,,12:,,,,3.,,,,,,,134.,,,,,,,,,73000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,145.,,:,,15,,,,,,16,,,,,,,,,;,,,(),,,,17,,,,,,14,,,:,,98()7,,,;,,,12,,,,,,,,,(),125%901017%,(8001500m),;901017%,(10002000m),,,;1201412%,(2000m),,14,,:43;(1812),9018,(1886)105,(1893)108,(1913)11019,,,,:,,,,,,,,,;,,,,12,,,,,,,,,,,20,015112m,210mm,50450,1,215511535142kg7,,,52:,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,(1831),:,,,,,7,,10,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,205,,,:,,,21,,093,,,,,,()1.,,,,,22212.,,:,,,23(1868),:,,;,;,,;,,,,,,23,(),:,,,,,;,,,?!,,,24,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,25,,,,,,,,,,7,,:,,,;,;,,,,26,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21,(),,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,!,,!19()7(19931)(19943)(1992);(20033)1.J.,2001,(4):102,101.2.M.:,1937.55,55.3.J.,1994,(3):204-205,207,209-210.4.J.,1996,(4):71.5.M.:,1992.12-13.6.M.:,1987.34.7.J.,1998,(2):53,53-54,54,54,57,54-55,59.8.M.:,1984.176.9.M.:,1994.25,83.10.J.,1996,(1):62.11.J.,1996,(4):85.12.J.,1999,(1):52,63,62.13.J.,1988,(6):70.14.J.,2003,(3):116,116,114-117.15.()M.:.13.16,.M.:,2001.110.17.M.:,1981.181.18.J.,1988,(4):106-107.19..(1368-1968)M.:,1984.316.20.D.,2005.86.21.()M.:,1996.486.22.J.,2003,(2):125.23.M.:,1990.65,68.24.M.:,1997.110.25.M.:,1998.171.26.J.,2002,(4):101-105.(:)29

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