渭河关中段典型支流非点源污染监测与负荷估算

31720117ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVol．31No．7Jul．2011No．2009ZX07212-002-005-002No．50909080SupportedbytheMajorProjectsofNationalScience＆TechnologyonControlandRectificationofWaterBodyPollutionNo．2009ZX07212-002-005-002andtheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaNo．509090801975—[e-mail]*[e-mail]1975—[e-mail]*[e-mail]ionofnon-pointsourcepollutionontypicaltributariesintheGuanzhongreachoftheWeiheRiverJ．ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae3171470-1478*7100482010-09-202010-10-112010-11-1120093、COD、DP、TP、NH+4-NTN．．①3②③3④3⑤343%COD、75%DP、83%TP、64%NH+4-N、47%TN．0253-2468201107-1470-09X171AMonitoringandloadestimationofnon-pointsourcepollutionontypicaltributariesintheGuanzhongreachoftheWeiheRiverLIJiakeLIHuaien*DONGWenQINYaominHUANGChijunDUGuangfeiKeyLabofNorthwestWaterResourceandEnvironmentEcologyofMinistryofEducationXi'anUniversityofTechnologyXi'an710048Received20September2010receivedinrevisedform11October2010accepted11November2010AbstractThewaterqualityoftheWeiheRiverisheavilyaffectedbynon-pointsourcepollutionNSPfromitstributaries．ToquantifyNSPloadingfromitsmajortributarieswemonitoredbothwaterflowandwaterqualityofthreetributariesJingheRiverFengheRiverandBaheRiverintheGuanzhongreachoftheWeiheRiverduringthefloodingandnon-floodingperiodsin2009．MeasuredwaterqualityfactorsincludedCODdissolvedorthophosphateTPNH+4-NandTN．NSPloadingswerecomputedusingtwomethodshydrologicaldivisionandmeanconcentration．Theresultsindicatethat①themeanconcentrationswerehigherduringthefloodingperiodthanduringnon-floodingperiods．②Thepeakpollutantconcentrationsoccurredeitherbeforeoratthesametimeastheflowpeaksthepeakloadtransportratesappearedatthesametimeasthefloodingpeakswhichwasinaccordancewiththenaturalprocessofinitialgroundsurfaceflushingthevariationsofpollutantconcentrationsweresmallerduringthenon-floodingperiodsthanduringthefloodingperiodsandbiggerfloodshadsmallervariationsinpollutantsconcentrationsthansmallerfloods③TheresultsusingthehydrologicaldivisionmethodwereingoodagreementwiththewelltestedandwidelyusedmeanconcentrationmethodandthisindicatedthatthehydrologicaldivisionmethodcanbeusedtoestimateNSPloadingwhenlimiteddataisavailable．ThemeanvaluesfrombothmethodsshowedthatNSPaccountsforasignificantproportionofpollutionforthethreeriverswhichcannotbeignored．④Intermsofannualpollutantloadingmostofitoccurredduringthefloodingperiods．⑤NSPaccountsforamajorityofthetotalannualpollutantloadingi．e．43%oftheCOD75%ofthedissolvedorthophosphate83%oftheTP64%oftheNH+4-Nand47%oftheTN．KeywordsWeiheRiverJingheRiverFengheRiverBaheRivernon-pointsourcepollutionmonitoringproportion71Introductionnon-pointsourcepollutionNSP2008．Baoetal．1997．33%～63%42%～59%2008．、、42%～65%1996．、、、．2070CREAMSJohnsonetal．1979、GLEAMSLeonardetal．1987、ANSWERSBeasleyetal．1980、SWRRBWilliamsetal．1985“3S”SWATArnoldetal．1998、BASINS2003．2080、．、、、2000、200219962005．．3、103．2Theestablishmentofthemodel2．1、．455．1km45421km2275．3km9236km22003．、、．390～560mm7～9．、．43216km2．、、、、、、、1460km2．824．4mm7～9．1115t·km－2·a－1752．1km254.5%．566km2．104km．、、、、、10km2008．、、、、2581km2．1300t·km－2·a－1825mm．30km1601km2．2．22009612、、．、、1．1741315、2～31～22～3．．24h3～4h1324h、1．1．32．1Fig．1Mapofpositionsofmonitoringsections1Table1Peakflowandrunoffforfloodsofthethreerivers/m3·s－1/104m3/104m32009-08-04450．003329．05222．472009-08-17430．002568．02302．402009-08-19614．008552．11481．092009-09-13105．00977．17108．552009-09-19140．001199．4497．472009-08-0375．00968．42264．852009-08-2292．001196．45323．612009-08-28610．006048．94375．022009-09-13198．001867．58252．852009-09-19515．005557．72307．402Table2Dischargeofthethreeriversinnon-floodperiod/m3·s－12009-11-2918．702009-09-0510．002009-11-292．812009-06-173．262009-11-2921．03、COD、DP、TP、NH+4-N、TN．GB3838—20022002a30min5cm．--2002a2002b．2．333．33COD、DP、TP、NH+4-N、TN2.6、6．2、13．0、3．53．5COD、DP、TP、NH+4-N、TN1．1、4．4、10．5、2．00．9COD、DP、TP、NH+4-N、TN1．2、3．6、3．8、3．11．1．2009．SS、COD、TP、TN．2003．．30min27417．．．3Table3WaterqualityoftypicaltributariesoftheWeiheriverinfloodperiodandnon-floodperiodmg·L－1CODDPTPNH+4-NTN38．7410．1310．3110．7924．82915．0000．0210．0240．2241．38319．8670．1690．6500．1803．29218．7970．0380．0620．0923．56640．8600．1180．3171．5353．33235．0390．0330．0830．5003．064．．2009-08-19COD、TN22009-8-1919122009-8-205092009-8-209142009-8-221912．2CODTN2009Fig．2TheCODandTNconcentrationandloadtransportrateprocessofstormrunoffattheZhangjiashansectionoftheJingheriver2009424hRelativestandarddeviationRSD．4．2009-08-19RSD．3741314Table4Rangeofvariationofwaterqualityinfloodandnon-floodperiods/104m3CODDPTPNH+4-NTN2009-08-043329．050．4790．0770．6550．3120．2252009-08-172568．020．4750．4740．5540．7790．1922009-08-198552．110．1570．0910．2450．2710．253RSD0．3700．2140．4850．4540．2232009-11-29RSD0．0890．2640．2350．0870．2052．4．WT2000WT=∫tet0CStQSt+CBtQBtdt1t0tesQSt、QBtm3·s－1CSt、CBtmg·L－1．1WT=CSM∫tet0QStdt+CBM∫tet0QBtdt=CSMWS+CBMWB2CSM、CBMmg·L－1WS、WBm3．．60%～75%50%～60%．WT=WX+WF=CXWXW+CFWFW3WXWFtCXCFmg·L－1WXW、WFWm3．、．．WNSP=