环境友好的水产养殖业

173Vol.17No.320029JOURNALOFDALIANFISHERIESUNIVERSITYSep.2002:1000-9957(2002)03-0220-071,2,1,1(1.,116023;2.,113007):,,,,:;;;:X714:A,,,,,,,,,,1111,(:2002203219:(20102135):(1964-),,,,©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.)[1][1]Johnsenetal1[2],(22%30%,44%38%),1kg,3522g,,118g,,1kg162g,50g31g81g,8g22g(TAN),30g(TN)7g(TP)[1],,51%64%TAN,Fivel2stadetal1[3],80%90%10%20%,,:(1);(2);(3);(4)[4](100m)(100m)(USEPA,1977)(totalsuspendedsolid,TSS),1m[5],Chenetal1[4],Oncorhynchusmykiss(510m)[6]TSS44mg/L[7],FIFAC15mg/LTSS112,,,,,,(1[89])113:();,,,,,,,1223:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,[1]2[10],1Tab11MajorchemicalsanddrugsusedinaquacultureHCGGHEDTA2Tab12EnvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithaquacultureNP;;,;;,,()2211,:;,,,[11],,,,22217©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,212,,[12],,(BOD)(SS),21211/,[4],,,(Stokeslaw),,,,,,Chenetal1[13]31119,(3[13])21212[14]MidlenandRed2ding[9],,,Ulvapertusa[1517];,3223:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,33Tab13Number,volume,meandiameterandconcentrationofsuspendedparticlesinthreerecirculatingsystems/(107L-1)/(109m3L-1)/m/(mgL-1)01312166111713610924160913160132410013152:518m3(118m)(),Oncorhynchusmykiss250(500g/);:612m1m(RBC),Salvelinusfontinalis2000(50g/);:614m3(),600(100g/)3,,,(1),[16]4411(),,412,,,,McGooganandGatlin[18],Sciaenopsocellatus,,[19]413,[1516]Gracilariaedulis[20],Rorrippanasturtium-aquaticumAzollafiliculoidesElodeanuttal2li[9],,42217©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.1Fig11Thediagramofsubsystemsconstitutingzerodischargeland2basedintegratedrecirculatingaquaculturesystem:[1]BERGHEIMA,@[e-mail]ulture[A].Aquacultureandwaterresourcemanagement[C].Cambridge:BlackwellScienceLtd,1996.50-80.[2]JOHNSENF,HILLESTADM,AUSTRENGE.HighenergydietsforAtlanticsalmonEffectonpollution[A].Fishnutritioninpractice[C].Paris:INRA,1993.391-401.[3]FIVELSTADS,THOMASSENJM,SMITHMJ,etal.MetabolicproductionratesfromAtlanticsalmon(SalmosalarL.)andarcticchar(SalvelinusalpinusL.)rearedinsinglepassland-basedbrackishwaterandsea-watersystems[J].AquaculturalEngineering,1990,9:1-21.[4]CHENS,STECHEYD,MALONER.Suspendedsolidscontrolinrecirculatingaquaculturesystems[A].Aquacul2turewaterreusesystems:engineeringdesignandmanagement[C].Amsterdam:ElsevierScienceBV,1994.61-5223:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.100.[5]APHA.Standardmethodsfortheexaminationofwaterandwastewater:18thedition[M].NewYork:Americanpub2lichealthassociation,1989.[6]CHAPMANPE,POPHAMJD,GRIFFINJ,etal.Differentiationofphysicalfromchemicaltoxicityinsolidwastefishbioassay[J].Water,Air,andSoilpollution,1987,33:295-308.[7]MAGORBG.GillhistopathologyofjuvenileOncorhynchuskisutchexposedtosuspendedwooddebris[J].CanadianJournalofZoology,1988,66:2164-2169.[8]WESTONDP.Environmentalconsiderationsintheuseofantibacterialdrugsinaquaculture[A].Aquacultureandwa2terresourcemanagement[C].Cambridge:BlackwellScienceLtd,1996.140-165.[9]MIDLENA,REDDINGTA.Environmentalmanagementforaquaculture[M].London:Chapman&Hall,1998.[10]MUIRJF.Asystemapproachtoaquacultureandenvironmentalmanagement[A].Aquacultureandwaterresourcemanagement[C].Cambridge:BlackwellScienceLtd,1996.19-49.[11],,,,[M].:,1994.[12]CRIPPPSSJ.Minimizingoutputs:treatment[J].Journalofappliedichthyology,1994,10(4):284-294.[13]CHENS,TIMMONSMB,ANESHANSLEYDJ,etal.Suspendedsolidscharacteristicsfromrecirculatingaqua2culturalsystemsanddesignimplications[J].Aquaculture,1993,112:143-155.[14]WHEATONFW,HOCHHEIMERJN,KAISERGE,etal.Nitrificationfilterprinciples[A].Aquaculturewaterreusesystems:engineeringdesignandmanagement[C].Amsterdam:ElsevierScienceBV,1994.101-126.[15]ELLNERS,NEORIA,KROMMD,etal.Simulationmodelofrecirculatingmariculturewithseaweedbiofilter:developmentandexperimentaltestsofthemodel[J].Aquaculture,1996,143:167-184.[16]SHPIGELM,NEORIA.Theintegratedcultureofseaweed,abalone,fishandclamsinmodularintensiveland-basedsystems:I.Proportionsofsizeandprojectedrevenues[J].Aquaculturalengineering,1996,15(5):313-326.[17],,.Ulvapertusa[J].,2001,21(5):795-798.[18]MCGOOGANBB,GATLINDMIII.Dietarymanipulationsaffectinggrowthandnitrogenouswasteproductionofreddrum,Sciaenopsocellatus:I.Effectsofdietaryproteinandenergylevels[J].Aquaculture,1999,178:333-348.[19]MCGOOGANBB,GATLINDMIII.Dietarymanipulationsaffectinggrowthandnitrogenouswasteproductionofreddrum,Sciaenopsocellatus:II.Effectsofenergylevelandnutrientdensityatvariousfeedingrates[J].Aquacul2ture,2000,182:271-285.[20]JONESAB,DENNISONWC,PRESTONNP.Integratedtreatmentofshrimpeffluentbysedimentation,oysterfiltrationandmacroalgalabsorption:alaboratoryscalestudy[J].Aquaculture,2001,193:155-178.EnvironmentalfriendshipaquacultureZerodischargeintegratedrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsLIUChang2fa1,QIZhi2ren2,HEJie1,ZHANGJun2xin1(1.KeyLaboratoryofMariculturalEcology,MinistryofAgriculture,PRC,DalianFisheriesUniv.,Dalian116023,China;2.DahuofangReservoirAdministrationofLiaoning,Fushun113007,China)Abstract:Aquacultureisdevelo