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31120101TRANSACTIONSOFTHECHINAWELDINGINSTITUTIONVol.31No.1January2010:2008-08-07:(04212201D)(09215106D)31,2,1,13(1.,066004;2.,066004):,X(XRD),(SEM)(EDS).,Cr,Mn,Mo,Ni,,,.,.,,,6m,.:;;;:TG455:A:0253-360X(2010)01-0037-040,..,400,,[1].,,,.,,.,,.,,[2,3],[4],,[5][6].,,(LaCe)Cr,Mn,Mo,Ni,,,.11.1H08A,1.(1,2,3,4,56)2.1H08A(,%)Table1CompositionofH08AsteelCMnSiCrNiSP0.10.30.50.030.20.30.030.032(,%)Table2ComponentofelectrodecoatingMnCrMoNi11.44.62.11.11.721.44.62.101.731.44.62.11.1041.44.601.11.751.402.11.11.7604.62.11.11.7,CaCO32CaF22SiO2.3831,[7].3.3Table3ParametersofelectrodeD/mmd/mml/mmu/(%)(%)6.64.03204466.,150200A,2833V,,.,2,4,12.1.2HR150A.,.4%,4XA.KYKY2800KevexSigmalevel4.22.14,,2.4(HRC)Table4Surfacinghardnessofdifferenthardfacingmetals12345636.22034.628.731.426.52.21.1,.Ni21,.3.Mo4.Cr5,1.Mn6.1Fig11Microstructureofhardfacingmetalsofdifferentspecimens1XRD(2),12Fe,XRD1.21XRDFig12X2raygraphofNo.1specimen2.3,,.31,:39,,.3Fig13Bindingbetweenalloylayerandmatrix2.4,,4,1,.26,,.,.1,,,,.2.556.403161Fig16AnalysisofinclusioninNo.1hardfacingmetal.5b(3),,,,.,Si,Mn,Si,Mn.,[8].6(1),,6m,.,Si,Mn,.,,.3(1).Cr,Mn,Mo,Ni(36.2HRC),Ni(20HRC).(2)Cr,Mn,Mo,Ni,.(3).,Si,Mn,.,,.:[1].42CrMo[J].,2003,25(3):67-69.MaYanheng.Weldrepairof42CrMogearshaft[J].ShandongMetallurgy,2003,25(3):67-69.[2]YangQingxiang,RenXuejun,LiuLigang,etal.Mechanismofcrackingresistanceofhardfacingspecimensofsteel5CrNiMoim2provedbyrareearthoxide[J].JournalofRareEarths,2006,24(4):474-478.[3]YangQingxiang,RenXuejun,LiaoBo.DiscussionofREinclu2sionsasheterogeneousnucleiofprimaryausteniteinhardfacingmetalsofmedium2highcarbonsteels[J].JournalofRareEarths,1999,17(4):293-296.[4],,.[J].,1999,13(4):353-356.YangQingxiang,LiaoBo,CuiZhanquan,etal.EffectoffreezingpointonREinclusionasheterogeneousnucleationofprimaryaus2teniteinFe2Calloys[J].ChineseJournalofMaterialResearch,1999,13(4):353-356.[5]YangQingxiang,YaoMei,ParkJoongkeun.Numericalsimulationonresidualstressdistributionofhard2face2weldedsteelspecimenswithmartensitetransformnotion[J].MaterialsScienceandEngi2neeringA,2004,364:244-248.[6],,,.[J].,2001,22(3):44-47.YangQingxiang,LiYanli,ZhaoYanhui,etal.Computersimula2tionofresidualstressfieldofhardfacingmetalandeffectofspeci2mendimension[J].TransactionsoftheChinaWeldingInstitution,2001,22(3):44-47.[7].[J].,1994,15(4):214-219.ZhangQinghui.Wearresistanceofhardfacingelectrode[J].TransactionsoftheChinaWeldingInstitution,1994,15(4):214-219.[8],,.[J].,2002,23(1):41-46.YangQingxiang,YaoMei,RenXuejun.Modifyingeffectofrareearthoxideoninclusionsinhardfacingmetalofmedium2highcar2bonsteel[J].TransactionoftheChinaWeldingInstitution,2002,23(1):41-46.:,,1982,..12.Email:qxyang@ysu.edu.cn2010,Vol.31,No.1TRANSACTIONSOFTHECHINAWELDINGINSTITUTIONsistanceofFe2C2Cr2Vhardfacingalloyswasexcellent.DispersedprimarycarbidesofM7C3withthesizeof15225microncaneffec2tivelyimpedethemicro2cuttingmovementofabrasiveparticlesanddeliberatelyimproveabrasionresistanceofthehardfacingal2loys.Keywords:abrasionresistance;primarycarbide;orient2ational;hardfacing;highchromiumEffectsofREoxideandalloyelementsonmicrostructureofhardfacingmetalLIDa1,YANGYulin2,LIULigang1,YANGQingxiang1,GUXinsheng1,ZHANGJiazhen1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofMetastableMaterialsScience&Technology,YanshanUniversity,Qinhuangdao066004,Hebei,China;2.SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,YanshanUniversity,Qin2hangdao066004,Hebei,China).p37-40Abstract:Themicrostructuresofthehardfacingspeci2mensforlargegearwereobservedbyopticalmicroscopy(OM)andthematrixphaseofthehardfacingmetalswasdeterminedbyX2raydiffraction(XRD).Meanwhile,thefractographsandin2clusionswereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)withenergydispersivespectrum(EDS).Theresultsshowthat,themicrostructureofthehardfacingmetalismainlycomposedofthefineacicularferrite.Thefractographofthespecimenwithad2ditionrareearth(RE)oxide(Ce2O3)andCr,Mo,Nielementinelectrodecoatingisuniformandfinedimpleaddition.Howev2er,themicrostructureiscomposedofcoarseacicularferriteandpearliteandthefractographiscomposedwithdimpleandquasi2cleavageinthespecimenwithoutREoxide.Theinclusionsbe2comesphericalanddistributeinhardfacingmetaldispersivelybyaddingREoxideinelectrodecoating,theirsizesaresmallerthan6m.Keywords:REoxide;hardfaceingmetal;microstruc2ture;inclusionModelingandsimulationofpositionservocontrolforshear2flashbuttweldingmachinebasedonLQRWANGHong2wen,LIYang,JIHailiang,WANGYongwei(SchoolofElectri2calEngineering&Automation,HebeiUniversityofTechnology,Tianjin300130,China).p41-44Abstract:Thetechnologicalprocessofshear2flashbuttweldingandtheroleofeachstagewereanalysedinthispaper.Thekeyfactortoweldingqualityisthatthedisplacementofworkpiecetobeweldmustbeaccordingwithequation:s=kt2.Themathematicalmodelofhydraulicservocontrolsystemhasbeenestablished.Thebasicprincipleoflinearquadraticwasde2scribedindetail.Thesimulationofhydraulicservocontrolsys2temhasbeendonebymodelingandsimulationsoftwareAMES2im.LQRcontrolalgorithmandPIDcontrolalgorithmwerere2spectivelyusedinsimulation.Theresultsshowedthatthetrack2ingerrorofLQRcontrollerisonlyone2sixthoftraditionalPID