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24120053ROCKANDMINERALANALYSISVol.24,No.1March,2005:02545357(2005)01005108.1,1,1,2(1.,100037;2.,100085):,,()(),,72:;;;:O655.6;X132:A:2003212230;:2004208220:(20012019010601):(1949),,,,1,(1),30,,,,80,(IUPAC)2000(IUPACGuidelinesforTermsRelatedtoSpeciationofTraceElements)[1]:(chemicalspecies),:,,(speciation)(speciationanalysis)()(fractionation)()(),,,,,,,,22.1,[2],151Fig.1Classificationofspeciation,(online,inrealtime),,,,,,,(GC)(HPLC)(SFC)(CE),(AAS)(AFS)(MIPAES)(ICPAES)(ICPMS)[35]10ICPMS,(1015),,400500,1/3ICPMSICPMS,[6,7],,[8]2.1.1GCGC,,,,2.1.1.1GCGC,,,,2.1.1.2AASAFS,(ET)AAS,[9],(CV)AASGC[10]AFS,AES:(DCP),MIPAES(1pg),GC[11]MS(ICPMS)GCICPMS,GCICPMSGCICPMSSn251[12],GCICPMSGCICPMS2.1.2HPLCGC,HPLC,,HPLC,HPLC(),HPLC2.1.2.1HPLC(IC),(RP)HPLC,HPLC,HPLCHPLCRPHPLCSe[13]Hg[14,15]As[1618]Sn[19,20]Pb[20]2.1.2.2,HPLC,(F)AASFAAS,HPLCFAAS[21],AESGC,HPLCICPAESDCPAESMIP,[22],MIPHPLCDCP,HPLCHPLCICPAESHPLCHPLCICPAESMS(ICPMS)ICPMS,HPLCICPMS,[2329]HPLCICPMS:ICPMS,2.1.3(SF)SF210,(742)105Pa(100600psi)0.11g/L,(SFC)CO2,SFCSFCO2,SFC,SFC[30]2.1.3.1SFCSFCGCLC,,SFCCO2(RmSnX4m,m13),SFCCO2,[31]2.1.3.2SFC(UV)(FID),,[3234],MIPAESICPAESICPMS[3538]SFC,ICPMSICPMSSFC,,,(11000pg),AsPbSnHg,,ICPMSFIDFID,ICPMS,FIDICPMS(FTIR),[39]351:242.1.4(CE),[40,41],,,[42],2.1.5X,,[43]X,Hg(RSH)(RSSR)(RSSH)[44]XPb2+PbAl,0.34nm,[45]XSe0Se4+Se6+[46]2.2(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(fractiona2tion),,,,,,,,,,,,:,,Pb,CdZn,,CdZn,20%30%,[4749],,,(,)(),2070802.2.1Tessier1979TessierA[50],,52.2.1.1,;pH72.2.1.2(),pH,pH5451()FeMn,FeMn,2.2.1.4(),,,,2.2.1.5,HFHClO4Tessier5:1mol/LMgCl2,pH7.01mol/LNaAc,HAcpH5.00.04mol/LNH2OHHCl,4.4mol/LHAc,960.02mol/LHNO3+H2O2,pH2,85,3.2mol/LNH4Ac3mol/LHNO3HF+HClO4Tessier,2.2.2BCR(SM&T),,,1987(SM&T,BCR)[5153],,BCR,,,:0.11mol/LHAc0.1mol/LNH2OHHCl,HNO3pH28.8mol/LH2O2,HNO3pH23,1mol/LNH4Ac,HNO3pH2,820FAASETAASICPAESICPMS,,ICPMS(BCR601),3,BCR:,0.5mol/LNH2OHHCl,HNO3,1996BCR601,SM&T2001BCR701,BCR601,20,,16,10,6,2,BCR701BCR684,BCR701BCR601,,BCRTessierBCR,AsSeCr,,,,Se4+Se6+,,SeNaOH,Cr6+(HCrO4)As5+(H2AsO4,HAsO24)As3+(HAsO2,AsO2)pH,,,As,As,[47]3,,551:24400500::[54],[55],:[56],[57],[58],ICPMS[59],,SM&T(EVISA):(EuropeanVir2tualInstituteforSpeciationAnalysis),,,20031991[60],16631,,,,,,,,,,[6163]2003,/[64,65],,,,HPLCVGAAS,As,,,,HPLCICPMS,,,,[6671]54(),,,,,,,,[72],4[1]TempletonDM,ArieseF,CornelisR,etal.PureApplChem[J].2000,72(8):14531470.[2]FlorenceTM.Talanta[J].1982(29):345.[3]HeumannKG.AnalBioanalChem[J].2002,373:323324.[4]BouyssiereB,SzpunarJ,LobinskiR.SpectrochemicaActapartB[J].2002,57:805828.[5]MilchalkeB.TrendsAnalChem[J].2002,21:154165.[6]RottmannL,HeumannKG.FreseniusJAnalChem[J].1994,350:221.[7]BrownAA,EbdonL,HillSJ.AnalChemActa[J].1994,286:391.[8]DemuthNG,HeumannK.AnalChem[J].2001,73:4020.[9]SarradinPM,LeguilleF,AstrueA,etal.Analyst[J].1995,120:79.[10]JiangGB,NiZM,WangSR,etal.AnalChem[J].1989,334:27.[11]LobinskiR,AfsmdFC.TrendsAnalChem[J].1993,12:41.[12]PrangeA,JantzenE.JAnalAtSpectrom[J].1995,10:105.[13]KillaHMA,RabensteinDL.AnalChem[J].1988,60:2283.[14]BusheeDS.Analyst(London)[J].1988,113(8):1167.[15]PapsomanikisS.AnalChimActa[J].1991,248:563.[16]ShibataY,MoritaM.AnalSic[J].1989,5(1):651[17]BranchS,BancroftKCC,EbdonL,etal.AnalProc(London)[J].1989,26(2):73.[18]BeaucheminD,SiukWM,MclarenJM.JAnalAtSpectrom[J].1989,4(3):285.[19]SuyaniH,CreedJ,DavidonT,etal.ChromatogrSci[J].1989,27(3):139.[20]ParksEJ,BrinckmanFE,JewettKI.ApplOr2ganometChem[J].1988,2(5):441.[21]HansenSH,LarsenEH,PritzlG,etal.JAnalAtSpectrom[J].1992,7:629.[22]BarnesRN.DevelopmentsinAtomicPlasmaSpec2trochemicalAnalysis[M].London:Heyden,1981.302332.[23]HeitkemperD,CreedJ,FrickeFL.JAnalAtSpectrom[J].1989,4(3):279.[24]ShibataY,MoritaM.AnalChem[J].1989,61:2116.[25]InoueY,KawabataK,TakahashiH,etal.JChro2matogrA[J].1994,675:149.[26]BusheeDS.Analyst[J].1998,113:1167.[27]SuyaniH,CreedJ,DabodsonT,etal.JChroma2togrSxi[J].1989,24:139.[28]SuyaniH,HeitkemperD,CreedJ,etal.JApplSpectrosc[J].1989,43:962.[29]KawabataK,KishiY,KawaguchiO,etal.AnalChem[J].1991,63:2137.[30]KlesperE,CrowinAH,TunerDA.JOrgChem.[J].1962,27:700701.[31],.[J].2001,29(6):725730.[32]LaintzKE,YuJJ,WaiCM.AnalChem[J].1992,64:311315.[33]BrauerRD,BitterwolfTE,SmartNG,etal.AnalChimActa[J].1997,349:239244.[34]Ashraf2KhorassaniM,TaylorLT.JChromatogrSci[J].1989,27:329333.[35]MotleyCB,Ashraf2KhorassaniM,LongGL.Ap2plSpectrosc[J].1989,43:737742.[36]SkeltonJrRJ,FarnsworthPB,MarkidesKE,etal.AnalChem[J].1989,62:18151821.[37]OlesikJW,OlesikSV.AnalChem[J].1987,59:796799.[38]ShenWL,VelaNP,SheppardBS,etal.AnalChem[J].1991,63:14911496.[39]ShaferKH,PentoneyBS,CarusoJA.AnalChem[J].1986,58:5864.[40]XinZ,StuatJN,SweedlerJV.AnalBioanalChem[J].2002,373:332.[41]MoiniM.AnalBioanalChem[J].2002,373:466.[42]MedinaI,RubiE,MejutoMC,etal.Talanta[J].1993,40(11):16311635.[43]HereulesDM.AnalChem[J].1986,58:1177A.[44]XiaK,SkyllbergUL,BleamWF,etal.EnvironSciTechnol[J].1999,32:257261.[45]StrawnD,ScheideggerAM,SpacksDL.EnvironSciTechnol[J].1998,32:25962601.[46]NorrishK.Geochem