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,,,,,,,,,,,:,,:,650034,,,,1999,11.25,89.35%,()(),,3000,,8420031:,2000,373506,:;(:,1936),,,,,,1999,,,1999911,200067,200178,3,:(ParticipatoryRuralAppraisal),,,,7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2050,,,,,:,,,,,(),();()94():(),,:,,,:12,2001,63(1483)(1667),,,(1724),,,()(),:,1997,455:,1992,243:,275:,1985,9(),()()()();();;(),(),,,,,45,35003800,,,,6,38004600,,,,,9,,10,,3500,,1133000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0520031:,1998,98200112,:,487488,,,,:,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3,45,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,15:,154;:,1997,330():,:7,80,,80%,,;,,,,,5,5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,:1.,,12,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,(),,,,;,,,30003400,,,,,,,,2.,(),,45,,;,,2520031,:,,,,,,,25555,721,,:,(TNC),;,,,,,3.2050,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()2050,,2080,,:1.,1983,,,;,,2.,,50,,10;,,1999,115,,,,100;,,300;,,3000,,,100,,:,,,3.,,,:,,;,,,;,,35::,1991,311,5,,;,(),,,,,,,,,,,5,,:;;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,;,,,,2050,20%30%,1959,4520031:,4,1975,56,:,,,,,,,:,;,,,,,,2050,,,,,,,,,,,3,:,38,;39,,,(),18,,,,,,,,,,,,20,,,,8,,,19,17,14,,20008,3.1,7,,1000;4,4350,1400;300,1200,,2,;3,;3,1,;91,2,,19992,570,11,4,7090,8000;,2000;,,4000,,,;;,,355,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1998,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,:,,:,:,,,,,,,65200311,1972,32:,20006,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,19926:,,,,,,,75::,1997,3132,:,1997,143:,20014twoaspects.OneishowtodealwiththenationalitylegacyleftbehindbytheSovietUnionandthecrisisofnationalityconsciousnessbroughtwiththedisorganizationoftheSovietUnion.TheotheristhechallengetotheexistingRussiasnationalism,resultingfromtheWesternapproachoreveninterventiontoethnicproblemsinRussiaandthedevelopmentofthemainstreamtheoriesonnationalisminthetimesofglobalization.ThefactthatRussianscholarsattitudetowardnationalismisusuallyrootedintheirtraditionalculturehasconsiderablepersuasionininterpretingnationalisminthecountry,butimpedestheaccessoftheRussiannationalistthoughttothemainstreamacademiccircleatthegloballevel.Keywords:nation2state;culturaltradition;existingcrisis.GlobalizationandChinasEmigrantsZengShaocong(29)Abstract:Astheobjectiveprocessofthecontemporarydevelopmentintheworld,globalizationmeansanewhistoricalstage,indicatingtheinternationalizationofmoderneconomicandhigh2technologicaldevelopment.Beinganimportantfactorofglobalization,internationalemigrationhaschangedthedistributionofnationalitiesintheworldandpromotedthemergingofdifferentethnicgroups,but,ontheotherhand,resultedinethnicconflicts.InthemiddleperiodoftheMingDynasty,Chinesebegantoemigrateabroad,andthismovementmadeupanimportantpartoftheinternationalemigration.TheethnicrelationshipthattheChineseimmigrantshavefacedabroadfullyreflectssomeethnicproblemscausedintheprocessofglobalization.Keywords:globalization;internationalemigration;Chineseimmigrants;ethnicrelationship.TheTypologyofSymbolsHeXingliang(39)Abstract:Thesymbolisthemainobjectofsymbolicanthropologicalstudies,thoughtherearediversetypologieswithregardtotheclassificationofsymbols.Intermsoftheirfunctions,theauthorofthepaperclassifiessymbolsintofivetypes,mainlyaccordingtothematerialsfromvariousnationalitiesinChina.Theyareintegrating,representative,indicative,normativeandemphasizingsymbols.Bymeansofclassification,symbolscanbebetterunderstood.Keywords:symbol;typology;culture;anthropology.EcologicalEnvironmentandCulturalAdaptationoftheYunnanTibetansGuoJiaji(48)Abstract:OnthebasisofdeepfieldworkontheYunnanTibetans,thispaperdiscusses701Contents,AbstractsandKeywordstheirculturaladaptationtotheecologicalenvironmenttheylivein.Thediscussioncoversthewayofproduction,wayoflife,naturalresourcesmanagementmechanismandtheirmodeofmarriageandfamily.Thepapersuggeststhatacultureistheadaptationsystemofapeopletotheirnaturalandsocialsurroundings.Theinteractionbetweencultureandnature,orculturesadaptationtonature,canbecalledecologicalculture,whichisapeoplesadaptationsystemtothenaturalenvironmenttheylivein.Thesystemincludesallthepartsintheculturewhichinteractswiththenaturalenvironment,suchastheirworldoutlook,wayofproduction,wayoflife,socialorganization,religion,custom,etc.ToadapttheparticularecologicalenvironmentoftheDiqingPlateau,theYunnanTibetanshaslongformedawholesystemofecologicalculturewellinteractingwiththenaturalenvironmentbymeansofculturaladjustmentinthehistory.Inthefuture,thepartsoftheculturethataccordwiththerequirementofthetimeswilldefinitelyberevived.AndthecombinationoftheancientwisdomwiththemoderntechnologyandglobalmarketsystemwilldefinitelybecomethekeypointinthepromotionoftheYunnanTibetansmovingtowardthesustainabledevelopment.Keywords:ecologicalenvironment;YunnanTibetans;culturaladaptation;ecologicalculture;sustainabledevelopment.ANewEvidencefortheYaofuStatusoftheFrontierTribesintheWesternZhouDynastyWangHui(58)Abstract:ItisrecordedintheancientliteraturethatthefrontiertribesintheSoutheasthadtheobligationofyaofu(beinglooselycontrolled)topaytributetotheroyalfamilyintheZhouDynasty.Itisauthenticfromtheinscriptionengravedintheunearthedbronze.Furthermore,astheinscriptionindicates,thefrontiertribesintheSoutheastintheWesternZhouDynastynotonlypaidtributemainlycomposedofhigh2classsilkandotherlocalproductstotheroyalfamilyasisrecordedint