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摘要电镀是世界三大污染行业之一，随着我国乡镇电镀企业的迅速发展，我国的电镀污染问题日趋严重。本文首先阐述了我国电镀废水的污染现状以及对人类产生的危害，在对化学处理、离子交换、电解法、生物处理等电镀废水处理方法的分析和比较后，结合乡镇电镀企业要求工艺简单、成本低等特点，决定采用NaHSO3化学还原沉淀法处理该企业的含铬、锌废水。本工艺是在pH=2.5时用NaHSO3溶液将Cr6+还原为Cr3+，在用NaOH溶液调节pH=8后生成Cr(OH)3和Zn(OH)2沉淀，在添加絮凝剂PAM后生成的絮体在斜板沉淀池中沉淀，出水经过滤器过滤后可回用于过滤器反冲洗水及各种溶液的配制，或者达标排放，而污泥则统一交于专业的环保公司处理。在设计中采用了较为先进的ORP测定仪、在线pH计和液位计实现反应过程的自动控制。通过设计计算确定了各构筑物的尺寸以及设备的选型，并对设计和操作管理中的要求进行了说明，最后对电镀废水治理的前景进行了展望。关键词：电镀废水；Cr；ZniiABSTRACTWiththespeedydevelopmentoftheelectroplatingenterpriseintownsinourcountry,electroplatingindustry，asoneofthebiggestpollutionsintheworld,causesthepollutionmoreandmoreseverely。Inthispaper,describesthepresentsituationoftheelectroplatingeffluentwaterpollutionandthegreatharmitmakestothehumankindhasbeendescribed.Aftertheanalysesandthecomparisonofdifferentwaysfortreatmentofelectroplatingeffluentsuchaschemicaltreatmentprocess、ionexchangeprocess、electrolyticmethodandbiologicalprocess,IdecidetoadopttheNaHSO3reduction-precipitationtotreatthewastewatercontainingCrandZnforthecorporations,consideringthefeaturesofthetownelectroplatingcorporations'demandsofsimpletechniques,lowcosts,etc.ThistechnologyistodeoxidizeCr6+intoCr3+byNaHSO3solutionatthepH=2.5,thenadjustthepHto8withNaOHsolutiontomakeCr(OH)3andZn(OH)2sediment.Theflocculatingconstituent,formedafteraddingtheflocculatingagentPAM,canbedepositedintheslopingplanksettlingtank.Thewaterleftafterfiltratingthroughasankfiltercanberecycledasthebackwashofsankfilterandbeusedinconfectingvarioussolutionsorbedischargedanemissionstandard.And,thesludgecanbesolvedbytheprofessionalenvironmentalprotectingcompanies.ItadoptssomerelativelyadvancedequipmentsuchasmeasuringelementofORP、pHmeterandcontentgaugerealizetheautomataofthereactionprocess.Throughelaboratedesignationandcalculation,thesizeofeachconstructandthetypeelectionoftheequipmenthavebeenascertained.Besides,withexplanationsaboutthedesignationandthedemandsintheoperatingmanagement,itfinallycomestotheprospectofsolvingtheproblemofthewastewaterfromplating.Keyword:electroplatingeffluent;chromium;zinci目录第一章电镀行业环境保护现状...................................................................-1-1.1中国电镀行业概况................................................................................................-1-1.2电镀污染现状........................................................................................................-1-1.3电镀废水的危害性................................................................................................-3-1.4电镀废水处理方法................................................................................................-5-第二章设计背景............................................................................................-9-2.1项目概况和意义....................................................................................................-9-2.2设计条件................................................................................................................-9-2.3设计原则................................................................................................................-9-第三章处理工艺的确定..............................................................................-10-3.1工艺流程选择......................................................................................................-10-3.2工艺流程说明......................................................................................................-11-3.3工艺条件控制......................................................................................................-12-第四章单体构筑物的设计计算..................................................................-13-4.1调节池..................................................................................................................-13-4.2反应池..................................................................................................................-14-4.3斜板沉淀池..........................................................................................................-16-4.4中间水池..............................................................................................................-21-4.5过滤器..................................................................................................................-22-4.6清水池..................................................................................................................-24-4.7药剂投配系统......................................................................................................-24-4.8污泥处理系统......................................................................................................-25-第五章管网布置与水力计算......................................................................-28-5.1平面布置..............................................................................................................-28-5.2高程布置原则......................................................................................................-28-5.3水力计算..............................................................................................................-28-第六章设计管理要求............................................