第二章企业的外部环境分析_6604

BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingForLogistics&SupplyChainManagementChapter9.Logistics/Supply-ChainManagement姜阵剑[e-mail],SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJULogistics/Supply-ChainManagementEvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagementManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingBusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupplychaincostsconsumeabout7-12%ofcorporateannualrevenueacrossallindustries.integratedsupply-chainmanagement(一体化的供应链管理)isnowattheepicenterofbusinesstransformation.BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业Thetermextendedenterpriserepresentstheconceptthatacompanyismadeupnotjustofitsemployees,itsboardmembers,andexecutives,butalsoitsbusinesspartners,itssuppliers,andevenitscustomers.Theextendedenterprisecanonlybesuccessfulifallofthecomponentgroupsandindividualshavetheinformationtheyneedinordertodobusinesseffectively.BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/扩展型企业trueenterprise-strengthsolutions（企业实力的解决方案）随着全球化的发展，企业之间的竞争也日趋激烈。单个企业已经没有能力适应快速变化的市场，而必须和其它相关企业组成紧密的合作伙伴关系，形成扩展企业（ExtendedEnterprise），保证竞争力优势互补，来共同面对变化的市场和激烈竞争的对手。BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprisethegenesis（起源）ofextendedenterpriselogisticsJapaneseautomobilemakersBusinessSchool,SDJU精益生产,LeanProduction精益生产（LeanProduction，LP），又称精良生产，其中“精”表示精良、精确、精美；“益”表示利益、效益等等。精益生产就是及时制造，消灭故障，消除一切浪费，向零缺陷、零库存进军。精益生产的来源精益生产的特点BusinessSchool,SDJU1、含义：一体化战略指企业以现有经营领域为基础，根据物流的方向，不断地向深度和广度发展，使企业的经济规模扩大或在上下游之间扩展的一种战略。2、分类：–纵向/垂直一体化战略(verticalintegration)–横向/水平一体化战略一体化(成长)战略（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化战略纵向/垂直一体化战略横向/水平一体化战略前向一体化战略后向一体化战略一体化(成长)战略（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU一体化(成长)战略（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）竞争者供应商企业批发商零售商顾客后向一体化前向一体化水平一体化前向一体化BusinessSchool,SDJU供应链管理—横向一体化的代表借助信息技术(IT)和管理技术，将供应链上业务伙伴的业务流程相互集成，从而有效地管理从原材料采购、产品制造、分销，到交付给最终用户的全过程，在提高客户满意度的同时，降低整个系统的成本、提高各企业的效益。BusinessSchool,SDJU横向一体化——外包——供应链供应链（SupplyChain）是在相互关联的部门或业务伙伴之间所发生的物流、资金流和信息流，覆盖从产品(或服务)设计、原材料采购、制造、包装到支付给最终用户的全过程。BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterpriseThebestcompanies:–Enjoyanadvantageintotalsupplychainmanagementcostof3-6percentofrevenue–Hold50-80percentlessinventorythantheircompetitors–Havea40-65percentadvantageincash-to-cashcycletimeoveraveragecompanies.BusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:StuntedLogisticsPerformerStage2:NeophyteLogisticsPerformerStage3:InternallyIntegratedPerformerStage4:ExternallyIntegratedLogisticsPerformersLogisticsburiedatlowestlevelsofcorporateorganizations.Stovepipedlogistics;eachfunctionactsinrelativeautonomyInternalcross-functionalteamsspanningphysicaldistributionfunctionsIntercorporatenetworkedlogisticsteamsandsharedperformancemanagementinformationsystemsLogisticsdefinedasshippingfunction.Logisticsdefinedasshippingandwarehousingfunctions.Logisticsdefinedasshipping,warehousing,andcustomerservicefunctions.Logisticsdefinedastotalsupply-chainintegration;RunbyshippingclerksRunbymilitary-stylelogisticiansRunbyachieflogisticsofficerRunbyaVPforsupplychain供应链是物流发展的高级阶段BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagementFull-spectrumvisibilityandreal-timemanagementExample：FordMotorCompanyBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement——TotalConnectivity整体连通性InformationtechnologyandtelecommunicationsTheemergenceoftheinternetInternet-enabledsharedinformationhelpsbreakdownorganizationpoliticsandfunctionalfences,helpingsupply-chainalliancemembers（供应链联盟成员）developacommonunderstandingofthecompetitiveenvironment.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement——TotalConnectivityAllcompaniescanbenefitfromamoreopeninformationflowbyusingtheinformationto:–Reduceoreliminateunnecessaryinventory–Improvetheirplanning–Developactiveratherthanreactiveoperations–Smoothproductflows–Trimcost–ImproveserviceBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement——Holistic（整体的,全盘的）Supply-ChainManagementMethodsTopmanagementencouragesthiskindofsegmentationanddepartmentalizationSeniorexecutives’abilitytomanagesupply-chaincostsandthereforetheprofitabilityofacompanyisdependentontheirabilitytotakeaholisticapproachtothecompany’soperations.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement——GlobalThird-PartyLogistics(3PL)ProvidersGloballogisticscompaniesarenowactingassystemsintegratorsformajorcorporateclients,conductingelaborate,highlysequenced“milkruns”topickupanddelivercomponentsandproductswithawholehostofsuppliersandvendorsonaninternationalbasis.BusinessSchool,SDJU名词解释第一方物流需求方为采购而进行的物流，如赴产地采购、自行运回商品。第二方物流供应方为了提供商品而进行的物流，如供应商送货上门。第三方物流由物流的供应方和需求方之外的第三方所进行的物流。Third-partylogisticsproviders(3PLPs，第三方物流（服务）商)第四方物流提供各种物流信息咨询服务的企业。提供各层次物流人才培训服务的企业。各方物流的概念BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun来自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨户在牧场收购牛奶，送牛奶的工人送牛奶时拿走一个空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用这样的方式。牛奶式取货、循环取货，集货配送，多仓储间巡回装卸货混载运送，定时定点取货。国内最早是汽车制造业（东风、上海通用）使用的一种物料集货模式。BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement——GlobalThird-PartyLogisticsProvidersThecomputercompanyreportsahighdegreeofsatisfactionwiththearrangement,whichallowsthecompanyto:–Avoidsunkcostsininformation