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PartOne:TheBusinessClimateforAmericanFirmsinChina美国企业在华的商务环境10TheBusinessClimateforAmericanFirmsinChina2009WhitePaperhAmCham-China11美国企业在华的商务环境中国美国商会h2009年白皮书FacingUncertaintyTogetherAfter30yearsofnormalizedrelationsbetweentheUSandChina,thefoundationforbilateraltieshasneverbeenstronger,andtherelationshipcontinuestomature.Thecurrentglobaleconomiccrisisunderscoreshowimportantthisbilateralrelationshipis.Overcomingthedownturnwilltakeacoordinatedeffortthatmaintainsopennessandincreasesalready-robustcooperation.ThetiesbetweentheUSandChinaremainstrong,butbothsidesneedtoworkhardtoensurethatneitherthestrainoftheglobalrecession,norotherfactors,erodethetrustthatyearsofeconomicintegrationhavebuilt.ThisisakeymomentthatwilldeterminethefuturedirectionofSino-USeconomicrelations.Justascompaniesarere-evaluatingtheirbusinessstrategies,sotoomustgovernment.Theefficacyofsomepoliciesisseriouslyinquestion,whiletheimportanceofothersisclearerthanever.Inthisatmosphere,thedeepeningofeconomicandculturaltiesbetweentheUSandChinainrecentdecadeshasbecomeademonstrableareaofstrengthandfocusthatneedsevenmoreattention.Increasedeconomicengagementanddialoguewillproveaboontobothcountries.However,anuncoordinatedresponsetothecurrentglobaleconomicsituationcouldunderminetheeconomicrelationship,aswellastheoverallwell-being,ofboththeUSandChina.AtamomentwhenChinahasmetmany—thoughnotyetall—ofitsWTOcommitments,protectionistpoliciesandcorrespondingmarketdistortions,ineitherBeijingorWashington,couldproveextremelydetrimentaltothedecadesofbilateralprogressthathavecontributedtogrowthandprosperity.Furthermore,Chinahasenactedmanyofthelawsthatwillhelpitmovetowardafullymatureeconomythatrespectsintellectualpropertyrights(IPR),workers’rightsandotherareas,allowingthecountrytomovepasttheWTOaccessionstage.Chinanowneedstoensurevigorousenforcementofthelawsonthebooks,particularlythroughincreasedcapacityattheprovincialandlocallevels,wherecommitmenttonationallawsisoftenweaker.TheeconomicchallengesinChinacontinuetochange,andWashingtonandBeijingneedtoworktogethertotacklethesenewissuesastheyarise.EvenbeforeTheBusinessOverview:TheUS-ChinaCommercialRelationshipthecurrentcrisis,boththeUSandChinawerealreadyheadingtowardstransitionphases.TheUSPresidentialelectioncycleandtheChineseleadership’sgoaltobringabouta“structuraltransition”inthedomesticeconomytowardsamoreconsumptiondrivenfutureensurethatbothcountrieswillseesignificantpolicyrealignments.Unfortunately,astheseshiftshavetakenplace,theworldwideeconomiccrisishasincreasedsignsofprotectionisminbothcountries.Inthecontextofaglobalrecession,thecostofasignificantretreatfromtheprinciplesandmechanismsthathavespurredsharedgrowthandprosperityoverthepasttwodecadeswouldbefarmoresignificantthananyshort-termeconomicorpoliticalgains.Itiscriticalthatwefacetheeconomiccrisistogetherandavoidbackslidingthatwouldamounttothetypeofisolationthathistoricallyhasexacerbateddownturns.Leadersmustcontinuetolookateconomicpolicyastheglobal,notregional,challengethatitis.TheUSandChinahaveeachinitiatedmassivestimuluspackages.Thisspendingwillshapethedirectionthatthecountriestakeintheshortandlong-termfuture.Itiscriticalthatspendingdecisionsrelatedtothestimuliaremadewitheconomicandsocial,notpolitical,rationalesinmind.ChineseandUScompaniesandworkershavemuchtogainfromstrongengagement,andmuchtolosefromprotectionism.Furthermore,bothcountrieshaveWTOcommitmentstokeepinmind,whichtheymadeintheinterestofopentradetopromoterobustgrowth.BeyondUSandChineselegalobligations,measureswhichexcludeeachother’scompaniesfromcompetingforstimulusfundswouldslowbotheconomies.AmericanworkerscanbenefitgreatlyfromtheChinesestimuluspackage,justasChineseworkerscanbenefitfromtheUSversion.Inanintegratedworldeconomy,workersfromdifferentcountriescanbenefitfromthesuccessofacompany,regardlessofitsownershipstake.ChinesecompaniesinAmericahireUSworkers,justasAmericancompaniesinChinaemploymanyChinese.Allworkersandcompaniescanbenefitfromtransparentandopenbiddinginstimuluspackageprojects.SpeedingupChineseaccessiontotheWTOAgree-mentonGovernmentProcurement(GPA)wouldbeawayforChinatotakealeadershiproleinpromotingTheUS-ChinaCommercialRelationship商务环境概况：中美经贸关系中美经贸关系共同面对不确定的经济形势中美建交已30年，双边关系的基础从未如此稳固，两国关系也日渐成熟。当前的全球经济危机凸显了双边关系的重要性。要战胜经济衰退，就必须通力合作，在保持开放的同时进一步加强合作。中美关系仍然稳固，但两国必须努力确保全球经济衰退及其它因素不会破坏多年来基于经济合作而建立起的信任。现在正值决定中美经贸关系未来走向的关键时期。企业正在重新审视其商业战略，政府亦须如此。一些政策的实施效果受到质疑，而另一些政策的重要性变得愈加明显。在这种环境下，最近几十年来不断加深的中美两国间经济和文化关系以成为两国加强合作的重要基础，需要我们给予更大的关注。经济合作与对话的加强将裨益于中美两国。但是，若不能共同应对当前全球经济形势，则两国间的经济关系有可能受到影响，不利于两国整体的健康发展。同时，目前中国已经基本，但尚未完全履行其入世承诺，北京或华盛顿若存在保护主义政策及随之产生的市场扭曲，都有可能损害数十年来为两国繁荣发展做出巨大贡献的双边合作。此外，中国制定了一系列法律，以推动中国向一个尊重知识产权和劳动者权益的成熟经济体过渡。目前，中国必须着力于确保已经颁布的法律得到有力的执行，尤其是要对执行国家法律能力较弱的省市和地方，加大执法能力建设。中国所面临的经济挑战不断变化，华盛顿和北京必须携手解决这些新问题。早在危机爆发之前，中美两国就已经在寻求各自转变。选举年的美国政府和期望推动国内经济实现“结构性转变”、向消费经济时代迈进的中国领导，都将着手进行重大的政策调整。不幸的是，在政策转变过程中，由于爆发全球性经济危机，两国均出现了保护主义抬头的迹象。在全球经济衰退的背景之下，背离过去二十年里促进两国繁荣发展的原则与机制所付出的代价，将远远大于任何短期的经济或政治利益。我们有必要共同面对经济危机，避免可能会导致经济进一步恶化的倒退，这是十分重要的。两国领导人必须继续从全球、而非地区的视角来关注全球经济政策。中美两国均推出了大规模的经济刺激计划。这项投入将决定两国短期和长期的发展方向。重要的是，这些刺激经济的支出决策