管道剩余寿命估算与组织关系Residual life Assessment and Microstr

ECCCRECOMMENDATIONS-VOLUME6[Issue1]ResidualLifeAssessmentandMicrostructureECCCAC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05blankpageAC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05ECCCRECOMMENDATIONS-VOLUME6[Issue1]ResiduallifeassessmentandmicrostructurePREPAREDBYECCC-WG1.1Dr.S.BrettRWEnpower(UnitedKingdom)Dr.L.W.BuchananMitsuiBabcock(UnitedKingdom)Dr.S.ConcariCESI(Italy)Dr.G.L.CossoIstitutoItalianoSaldatura(Italy)Dr.S.FentonE-ONUK(UnitedKingdom)Dr.A.FlemingETD(UnitedKingdom)[Secretary2004]Dr.R.HalesETD(UnitedKingdom)[Secretary2001-2003]Dr.V.KantaSkoda(CzechRepublic)Dr.I.MarcellesTecnatom(Spain)Dr-IngGMercklingIstitutoScientificoBreda(Italy)[Convenor]DrDGRobertsonETD(UnitedKingdom)[Secretary2005]Dr-IngPSeligerSiempelkamp(Germany)EDITEDBY:S.CONCARIAPPROVEDDATE31/8/05OnbehalfofECCCAC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05blankpageAC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05ABSTRACTECCCRecommendations-Volume6Partxgivesanoverviewofthecorrelationamongresiduallifeassessmentandmicrostructuralaspect,includingalsohardness,forpostexposedmaterialincreepconditions.Overviewincludesalsodescriptionoftechniquesappliedformicrostructuralinvestigationofin-servicecomponents.Recommendationsonutilisationofthecorrelationandforfurtherdevelopmentofthissubjectarepresented.Thisdocumentisinthefirstissuesandisnotyettobeconsideredasanexhaustivereferencesource;thevolume6partxwouldbeexpandedandenhancedbasedonfeedbackfromusers.ECCCRecommendationsVolume6userfeedbackisencouragedandshouldbesentto:Dr.S.Concari[DocumentController]CESIFASDIGSedediPiacenzaViaN.Bixio,39I-29100Piacenza,Italy.Tel:[phone]Fax:[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]e-issuethisdocumentinresponsetonewdevelopments.TheuserisadvisedtoconsulttheDocumentControllerforconfirmationthatreferenceisbeingmadetothelatestissue.ThisdocumentshallnotbepublishedwithoutthewrittenpermissionoftheECCCManagementCommitteeAC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05blankpage-1-AC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05ResidualLifeAssessmentandMicrostructureContents1Microstructure...........................................................................................................................................21.1Ferriticsteels.....................................................................................................................................21.1.1Microstructuralphaseevolution................................................................................................21.1.2Microvoidsformationatgrainboundaries................................................................................61.1.3Carbideevolution....................................................................................................................141.1.4Interparticledistance................................................................................................................201.2Othermaterials................................................................................................................................222Techniquesappliedforinvestigationonin-servicecomponents.............................................................232.1.1Replicainvestigation...............................................................................................................232.1.2Extractivereplica.....................................................................................................................243Hardness..................................................................................................................................................254Comments................................................................................................................................................265Finalrecommendations...........................................................................................................................276Bibliography............................................................................................................................................28-2-AC/MC/93[Issue1]27/07/05ForewordComponentssubjectedtocreepstresshavealimitedlifetime.Undertheinfluenceoftemperatureandstresses,theheatresistantmaterialsreactbycreeping,wherebytransformations,andsegregations,precipitationsoccurinthestructureofthesematerials.AsstatedabovebyW.Arnswald,R.Blum,B.Neubauer,K.E.PoulseninadocumentpublishedonVGBKraftwerkstechnikinJuly1979,creepandmaterialstructureevolutionaretightlyrelatedandaccordingtothisrulealargenumberofstudieshavebeenperformedinordertorelatemicrostructuralinvestigationandserviceexposureorresiduallife.Thischapterisintendedtogiveanoverviewoftheexistingapplied(moreorlessfrequently)techniquesofmicrostructuralinvestigationinordertoassessresiduallife,andtostaterecommendationsabouttheirapplicability.1Microstructure1.1FerriticsteelsAsfarasthistypeofmaterialisconcerned,theaspectsmainlyconsideredvalidasanindexofcreepexposureare:-Microstructuralphaseevolution-Microvoidformationatgrainboundaries(Neubaueretc.)-Evolutionofcarbides(eutectoidicandferriticfineprecipitation)-Interparticledistance1.1.1MicrostructuralphaseevolutionThisaspectism