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2353()()():,,2004,23(5)1922,,,,1,,,,,,,,,2(1),,(2),,,,,,13,,,(),,,,1,,,1,5(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)()3610500,2001;:(028)8303008991©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,,,S={},(1)(2)(3),S={1,2,3}2A:,,a,,A={a},,,A={a1,a2,ai,,aI,}3p4:,,C=(a,),,a,,p(a,),,ai,123,pi1=p(ai,1)pi2=p(ai,2)pi3=p(ai,3)pi1+pi2+pi3=14u:,a,,,u=u(a,)ai,,,,:Eu(ai,)=u(ai,1)pi1+u(ai,2)pi2++u(ai,J)piJ(1)Eu(ai)=Eu(ai,)(2),(),aij,:uij=u(ai,j),i=1,2,,I;j=1,2,,JI;Jai,123:ui1=u(ai,1);ui2=u(ai,2);ui3=u(ai,3)ai,:Eu(ai)=Eu(ai,j)=u(ai,1)pi1+u(ai,2)pi2022004©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(ai,3)pi3(3)5V:,,,V,3,(),,,(),:V=MaxIi=1Eu(ai)=MaxIi=1Eu(ai,j)(4),a3,22,5,(S,A,p,u,V),21S(1)(2)(3)3,Aaip(ai,j)u(ai,j),1,,1(1)(2)(3)a1a2aiaIp11;u11p21;u21pi1;ui1pI1;uI1P12;u12p22;u22pi2;ui2pI2;uI2P13;u13p23;u23pi3;ui3pI3;uI32(5),U=u11u12u13u21u22u23uI1uI2uI3(5),=(1,2,3);A=(a1,a2,,aI),,,,3(3),1,3,,,312235:©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(3)Ui,Ui=(u(ai,1),u(ai,2),u(ai,3)),44,,,2,,,,,,,m,M,Mm=1m=1,1()2()3(),4,(2),3,2,1,0.30.220280.2,:1:30.3+10.22+20.28+30.2=2.282:10.3+30.22+30.28+20.2=2.203:20.3+20.22+10.28+10.2=1.52,1,2,3,:p(1)p(2)p(3)=2.282.201.52p(1)=0.38,p(2)=0.37,p(3)=0.25,5,pr,3,p(3)=1-pr,,,2321m1221331221330.300.220.280.20,,,,,,,,,,,1,:,,2000,19(7)11152,:,(),19943,MaherANessimandMarkJStephens:Risk2basedOptimizationofPipelineIntegrityMaintenance,1995OMAE2VolumeII,SafetyandRe2liabilityASME1995.4,:,(),19875,:,,2001,20(8)58(:2003205226):222004©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,1962,,,1976,1999,2001,,,1960,1983,,1970,1999,,1969,1993,,1973,1997,,1971,1995,,,1967,1991,,,1972,1996,,1969,1994,,1969,1989(),,1974,1998,,,1969,1991(),,1972,1992(),16235©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2)comparedwiththeheatingtransportationtechnology,therunningcostsavesabout104104RMB/awhenthefluidflowrateattheinitialpumpstationisabout1400m3/dandtheannualmeanheatingtemperatureforthefluidtoflowthroughthetwointermediateheatingandpumpstationsis20,whichreflectsmainlyontheobviousdecreaseoffuelgasand(3)thelongerthedistanceofviscousoilstransportedbyoil-in-wateremulsionis,themorenotablethedragreductionrateandtheeconomicbenefitare,whichisnotonlyfeasibleintechnology,butalsoreasonableineconomy,anditsfutureapplicationisbright.SubjectHeadings:viscousoil,transportationbyoil-in2wateremulsion,dragreduction,economicbenefit,com2prehensiveevaluationWUShikui,LIANGChaolinetal:StudyonLow-temperatureTransportationofHighPourPointCrudeOil,OGST,2004,23(5)1316.Boththelawofthelow-temperaturetransportationandthesafetytransportationtemperatureofthreekindsofhighpourpointcrudeoilsarestudied.ThetechnicalparameterofZhanjiang-MaomingOilPipelineareadjustedbasedontheexperimentresults.Industrialoperationindicatesthatafterthetransportationtemperatureisdecreased,Zhanjiang-MaomingOilPipelinecanbeoperatedsmoothlyandsafely.SubjectHeadings:highpourpointcrudeoil,low-temperaturetransportation,studyDESIGN&CALCULATIONTANYufei,CHENJiaxinetal:CalculationofThermodynamicParameteraboutGasStorageCaverninSaltFor2mation,OGST,2004,23(5)1618.Themathematicalmodelforsimulatingperformanceofgasstoragecaverninsaltformationispresented.Therealgascharacteristics,heattransferbetweensaltformationandnaturalgas,thevariationingaspressureandtemperaturebytimeinconditionofanycontinuouslyinjectingorproductionofnaturalgasaretakenintoaccountbythemodel.Themodelcanbeappliedforprojectschemeselectionandoperationcomparisonofnaturalgasstoragereservoir.SubjectHeadings:gasstoragecavern,mathematicalmodel,thermodynamicparameter,calculationCHENLiqiong,ZHANGPengetal:OptimizationModelAnalysisofPipelineIntegrityMaintenance,OGST,2004,23(5)1922.Thedecision-makinganalysisisthesimplestmethodtochoosetheoptimalmeasureofpipelineintegritymainte2nance.Themathematicmodelofpipelineintegritymaintenanceisestablishedinordertocarryoutquantificationaldeci2sion-makinganalysis,andtheseveraltypesofmodelrepresentationsareintroducedconcretely.Alsopilotstudiesarecarriedoutonsomevariablesinthemodelincludingcharactervariable,decisionvariable,probabilityofthesequentoc2curringandutilityfunction.SubjectHeadings:oilandgaspipeline,integritymaintenance,decision-makinganalysis,modelrepresentationsZHANGHuimin,DENGYanetal:OptimizationDesignonIntegralLiftingProgramofFloating-roofOilTank,OGST,2004,23(5)2327.Duringthefirstpracticeofliftinga20000m33floatingrooftank,becausethelawofliftingforcedistributionon3©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.