陕西省危险废物污染防治

分类号:X32710710-20118412专业硕士学位论文陕西省危险废物污染防治现状分析与对策研究张清香导师姓名职称刘珊副教授申请学位级别硕士专业学位类别及领域名称环境工程论文提交日期2014年5月12日论文答辩日期2014年6月9日学位授予单位长安大学ShaanxiprovinceofhazardouswastepollutionpreventionandcontrolCurrentsituationanalysisandcountermeasureresearchADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterCandidate：ZhangQingxiangSupervisor：LiuShanChang’anUniversity,Xi’an,ChinaI摘要随着科技、经济的快速发展，固体废物的急速增加已经成为全世界共同面临的环境问题，而危险废物由于其毒性、腐蚀性、易燃性、反应性和感染性等危险特性，对环境、生态和人体健康存在潜在的危害。基于粗放式经济发展的特点，我国工业固体废物的产生量大，特别是面对日益增多的危险废物，长期以来对其管理和研究力度不够，使得危险废物引起的环境问题日益严重，影响国民经济的发展、人类健康和生态环境安全。在这样的背景下，研究地区的危险废物污染现状和规范化管理就成了改善当地环境状况、预防环境污染、规范管理模式和促进和谐发展的重要课题。本论文研究了国内外危险废物管理体系、法律法规特点及污染防治技术等先进经验，并对陕西省危险废物产生现状、处理处置技术现状和管理情况等进行调查分析，对陕西省危险废物规范化管理模式进行了初步探索，针对目前存在的问题和未来管理目标，提出具体的管理措施。通过研究，得出结论如下：陕西省产生的危险废物产生量近年来呈现出持续缓慢增长的态势，主要类型涉及《国家危险废物名录》中的37种；产生量最大的种类为HW08废矿物油、HW48有色金属冶炼废渣等；主要的危险废物来源为能源化工、有色金属开采冶炼、石油开采加工等行业；从地区分布来看，陕北地区危险废物产生量最大，占全省危险废物的65%，废物种类集中在废矿物油类，来源主要是石油和天然气开采，陕南地区危险废物产生量占全省的29%，主要来自于有色金属冶炼及压延加工、化学原料及化学制造、交通运输设备制造业三个行业，主要污染物为各类重金属及废弃化学类有毒有害物质，关中地区危险废物产生量较少，但种类最多，覆盖《名录》中的35大类，主要污染物有氰化物、重金属、有机聚合物等。从管理层面而言，陕西省危险废物管理起步晚，管理力量不足，处置技术落后。利用历年危险废物统计数据和数学模型，对陕西省危险废物趋势进行研究，预计2015年危险废物产生量达到32.41万吨。就危险废物管理策略而言，首先要加快地方法律法规制定，建立环境管理长效机制；其次，科学管理，对危险废物实现分级管理；第三，利用陕西省科研院II所多，科技力量强的优势，技术攻关、开发和推广高效的危险废物综合处置技术；第四，开展社会生活中危险废物收集和处置试点；第五，扩大群众参与，发展社会监督。通过以上手段增强危险废物的管理水平，促进危险废物环境治理不断发展。关键词：危险废物；污染防治；管理；处理处置；对策IIIAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnology,theeconomy,therapidincreaseinsolidwastehasbecomeanenvironmentalproblemfacingtheworld,andhazardouswasteduetotheriskcharacteristicsofitstoxic,corrosive,flammable,reactiveandinfection,etc.,totheenvironment,potentialecologicalandhumanhealthhazards.Basedonthecharacteristicsofextensiveeconomicdevelopment,resultinginalargeamountofindustrialsolidwaste,especiallyinthefaceofanincreasingnumberofhazardouswasteanditsmanagementhaslongbeeninsufficientresearchefforts,makingtheenvironmentalproblemscausedbyhazardouswasteincreasinglyseriousimpactonthenationaleconomydevelopment,humanhealthandecologicalsafety.Inthiscontext,thehazardouswastepollutionstatusandstandardizedmanagementofthestudyareabecameimprovelocalenvironmentalconditions,preventionofenvironmentalpollution,standardizedmanagementandpromotetheharmoniousdevelopmentofimportanttopics.Thispaperstudiestheadvancedexperienceofhazardouswastemanagementsystem,thelaws,regulationsandpollutioncontroltechnologiesandotherfeatures,andhaveastatusofShaanxiProvincehazardouswastetreatmentanddisposalinvestigationandanalysistechniques,suchasthestatusandmanagementofShaanxiProvince,standardizedmanagementofhazardouswasteconductedapreliminaryIVexplorationmodelforthecurrentproblemsandfuturemanagementobjectives,proposespecificmanagementmeasures.Throughresearch,concludedasfollows:theamountofhazardouswastegeneratedinrecentyears,ShaanxiProvinceproducedshowingcontinuedslowgrowth,mainlyrelatedtothetypeofnationallistofhazardouswasteinthe37kinds;producesthelargestamountofwastemineraloiltypeisHW08,HW48non-ferrousmetalsmeltingslag,etc.;majorsourcesofhazardouswasteasenergy,chemical,non-ferrousmetalminingandrefining,oilexplorationandprocessingindustries;Geographically,northernShaanxilargestamountofhazardouswastegenerated,theprovinceaccountedfor65hazardouswaste%focusedonthetypeofwastemineralwasteoils,themainsourceofoilandgasexploration,hazardouswastegenerationSouthernregionaccountsfor29%oftheprovince,mainlyfromthenon-ferrousmetalsmeltingandrollingprocessing,chemicalmaterialsandchemicalmanufacturing,transportationtransportationequipmentmanufacturingindustry,threemajorpollutantsofallkindsofheavymetalsandtoxicandhazardouswastechemicalclassofsubstances,theGuanzhongarealesshazardouswastegeneration,butmostspeciescoveredlistinthe35categories,themainpollutantscyanides,heavymetals,organicpolymersandthelike.Fromthetermsofthemanagementlevel,ShaanxiProvincestartedlatehazardouswastemanagement,lackofmanagementstrength,Vdispositiontechnologicalbackwardness.Usethecalendaryearofhazardouswastestatisticsandmathematicalmodels,thetrendofhazardouswasteShaanxistudyofhazardouswastegeneratedin2015amountedto324,100tons.Onhazardouswastemanagementstrategy,thefirstthingtoacceleratethedevelopmentoflocallawsandregulations,theestablishmentofenvironmentalmanagementmechanism;Secondly,scientificmanagement,hazardouswastemanagementatdifferentlevelstoachieve;Third,theuseofmultipleresearchinstitutesinShaanxiProvince,astrongscientificandtechnologicalstrengthadvantages,technologyresearch,developmentandpromotionofefficientintegratedhazardouswastedisposaltechnologies;Fourthly,sociallifeanddisposalofhazardouswastecollectionpilot;fifth,expandingpublicparticipationinthedevelopmentofsocialsupervision.Throughtheabovemeansofenhancingthelevelofhazardouswastemanagement,environmentalgovernancetopromotethecontinuousdevelopmentofhazardouswaste.Keywords:Hazardouswaste;pollutionprevention;management;treatmentanddisposal;countermeasuresVI目录第一章绪论.........................................................................................................................11.1危险废物的分类和特征...............