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73Vol.7,No.320063TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlMar.2006(,150090),,,,TU991A100829241(2006)0320008206AReviewofstudiesonpollutionofcyanobacterialtoxinsindrinkingwaterZuoJinlongCuiFuyiLiuZhixiao(SchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150090)AbstractThegraduallyseriouseutrophicationoffreshwatershasbeenaglobalenvironmentalproblem.Cyanobacteriaanditstoxinshavemanynegativeinfluencesonconventionalprocessesfordrinkingwaterpurifica2tion,andmayincreasethedifficultiesinthewatertreatment.Thetreatmenttechniquesforcyanobacteriaindrinkingwaterwereintroducedinthisarticle.Meanwhile,removalefficiencyandlimitationofdifferentmethodswereanalyzedsystematicallyandsomescientifictendencieswereprospected.Keywordsdrinkingwater;eutrophication;cyanobacteria;cyanobacterialtoxin:863(2003AA2601120):2004-12-25;:2005-08-25:(1970),,,E2mail:mdjzjl@163.com1,,,,[1,2]25%[3]2090,,,,,,(micro2cystins,MC),MC,,pH300,12A,[4][5],MC2LR,22.117,[6]28,,pH(89.5)[7],79,80%(Microcystisaerugio2sa)90%,,,55.4ng/mL2.23:,1(MC)(nodularins);3:1Table1Toxinsgeneratedfromcyanobacteriainfreshwater78247099410442a11652a(S)1-3-(saxitoxins)2a(S)(anatoxin2a(S))2a(homoanatoxin2a)(paralyticshellfishpoisons,PSP),(LSP)MCBioshop1959,1988Rine2hart(1),1000Adda3229222,2,62210224,62,[8],AddaMC70[9],MC2LRMC2RRMC2YR,LRY,MC2LR1Fig.1Molecularstructureofmicrocystins1977DevlinNRC244212a(anatoxin2a),(2),165Jakin(tetrahydropurinealka2loid),NTL25272172a(S)(anatoxin2a(S)),(2),,,,1g/L[10,11],5g/L,3d10%,7%[12],2Fig.2Molecularstructureofanatoxin2aandanatoxin2a(S)2.3,MC2LR(WHO)[13]MC2LR1.0g/L0.5g/L110g/L,MC,MC3,1:5002000cells/mL,;2:200015000cells/mL,;3:15000cells/mL,,,15000cells/mL3(ELISA)(PPIA)[1416],2ELISAELISAPPIA,972Table2Comparisonofadvantagesanddisadvantagesofanalyticalmethodsforalgaetoxins,,,,HPLC,,LC/MS,,LC,MSELISA,,,PPIA(),PP1PP2A,,PPIA(),PP1PP2A,,,3.1(GC)/(GC/MS)(TLC)(HPLC)/(LC/MS)(CE),HPLC[1719]GCGC/MSMCHPLC,(UV)(FL)(CL),HPLC/UVMC,ng,70MC,,MC,HPLCLC/MS,,,[20]MC,3.2(ELISA),,2080,(enzyme2linkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA)MCDermott[21]MC2LRPAbELISA,95ng/L,,MC2LRMC2RR1997,Nagata[22]ELISA,25ng/LMCELISA,,44.1Morris[23],MC2LR,81%2:(PAC)(GAC)PACMC2LR,2a,GAC2[24],PACGAC,GAC15min[25]1020kg/km3,92.3%[26]()()4.2Angeline[27]6MC2LR,MC2LRKMnO4Cl2,MC2LR,DOC,0.6mg/L,O3DOC;2mg/L,Stefan[28],0105mg/LO3Carltle[24],MC2LRCl2H2O2KMnO4013:,2a(PSP)MCClO2MC4.3Liu[29]:Adda,TiO2OHH2O2,Adda,,,Tsuji[30]47mW/cm2UV,MC2LR10minSenogles[31]TiO2(05g/L)MC2LR,MC2LR(50350g/L),TiO2,TiO2[32],TiO2,20min,TiO20.6%,TiO2[33]4.498%,99.6%[34],,,10000m3/d4.5,Adda,Jones[35](sphingomonas),MCMC,Tsuji[30]SagamiTsukui,MC2LRMC2RR14d,,[36]MC2RRMC2YRMC2LR,:,3Hoslt[37]MC,,MC100g/L20g/L,N2OMC3Table3Comparisonofmicrocystinremovalbyaerobicandanoxictreatment(g/L)24h24hMC2RR363.426.7344.6MC2YR178.316.8174.1MC2LR116.17.499.24.6,,,,2,a60%74%Maatouk[38]MC2LR,O3+PAC,0.07mg/L20mg/L,98%+PAC,0.42mg/L20mg/L,45%Himberg[39],2(M1M2)2(O1O2),5,44,(12),;4,3,,5O3,,45,25(1),,,1174Table4Processandremovalefficiencyofalgaetoxinstreatment(%)M1M2O1O212Al2(SO4)32221418293222FeCl32220160932PAC2Al2(SO4)3222034191342Al2(SO4)322PAC2210010010010052O32Al2(SO4)3222100100100100(2),1.0g/L,;,O3++(3),,,(4),(5),,,,,,,,(6),,1.0g/L,,,(7),,,(8)(microcystintestkit),,;[1]TomaszJ1,MalgorzataT1,KatarzynaI1,etal.Eliminationofmicrocystinsbywatertreatmentprocesses:ExamplesfromSulejowReservoir,Poland.Wat.Res.,2005,39(11):23942406[2]MonicaB1,CintiaF.,JosepR1,etal.Determinationofmi2crocystinvariantsandrelatedpeptidespresentinawaterbloomofPlanktothrix(Oscillatoria)rubescensinaSpanishdrinkingwaterreservoirbyLC/ESI2MS.Toxicon,2004,44(8):881886[3],,,.1,2001,17(9):797798[4]IreneuszM1,PaulinaS1,Tarczynska,etal.Toxicityofmi2crocystinfromcyanobacteriagrowinginasourceofdrinkingwater.ComparativeBiochemistryandPhysiology,PartC,2004,139(13):175179[5]GeoffreyA1C1,LouiseF1M1,JamesS1M.Cyanobacterialtoxins:Riskmanagementforhealthprotection.ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology,2005,203(3):264272[6],.1,2001,88(4):3537[7],,11,1995,12(5):196199[8]StefanJ1H1,BettinaC1H1,DanielR1D.Occurrenceandeliminationofcyanobacterialtoxinsindrinkingwatertreat2mentplants.ToxicologyandAppliedPharmacology,2005,203(3):231242[9]SivonenK1,JonesG.Cyanobacterialtoxins.In:ChorusI1,BartramJ1,editors.Toxiccyanobacteriainwater.Aguidetotheirpublichealth,monitoringandmanagement.London:WHOE&FNSPON,1999141111[10]Hong2XingS1,Jiu2HuiQ1,Ai2MinW1,etal.,Degrada2tionofmicrocystinsinaqueoussolutionwithinsituelec2213:trogeneratedactivechlorine.Chemosphere,2005,60:326333[11]RivasseauC1,MartinsS1,HennionM1C.Determinationofsomephysicochemicalparametersofmicrocystins(cya2nobacterialtoxins)andtracelevelanalysisinenvironmen2talsamplesusingliquidchromatography.JournalofChro2matographyA,1998,799(12):155[12],,..,1997,9(6):335336[13]WorldHealthOrganization.WHOGuidelinesfordrinkingwaterquality,2nded.Geneva:Elsevier,1998[14]E.D.Hilborn,W.W.Carmichael,M.Yuan,etal.Asimplecolorimetricmethodtodetectbiologicalevidenceofhumanexposuretomicrocystins1Toxicon,2005,46(2):218221[15]RapalaJ1,ErkomaaK1KukkonenJ.Detecti