马兰冰芯细菌菌群结构变化与气候环境的关系

4917200491762(,730000;,100029;,730000.E-mail:[e-mail]),PCRDNA3,316SrDNA,94,11,8DNA.,,α,β,γ-Proteobacteria;CFB,5.,.,“”,.,“”().,.,,.“”1)..,1999(35°50N,90°40E),,195km2,..(),.,,.[1~3],,[4~6].,[3,7~10].,.,.Abyzov[1]Vostok2750m0.2mm,,,.Vostok103~104,..,102m.[10],.[3],.2250(δ18O),.,.,,[7,11,12]1)..,,,491720049[13~15].,,.,.,,.DNA,[16]70m16SrRNADNA(16SrDNA,RNADNA),.,.,...PCR(Polymerasechainreaction)DNA,316SrDNA11,70m8[16].“”,.11.1(10cm,101.8m)5680m.4,.35(MalanA),64(MalanB)82m(MalanD)3(15cm),PCR..1cm,95%,[13].,,.,,.1.2PCR.,eppendorftip.TaqDNA(2.5U,TakaRa),0.2µm.5min,1,3050µL,5pmol16SrDNA8f(,5-AGAGTTTGATCATGGCTCAG-3)1492r(,5-CGGTTACCTTGTTACGAC-TT-3)PCR(100µL).PCR:95,9min,1;94,1min,52,1min72,2min,43,725min.PCR,,,1500bpDNA.1.316SrDNA1500bpDNApMD18-Tvector(TakaRa),E.coliJM109,3DNA.PCR16SrDNA.Hae,ARDRA,.ABIPRISM377-96.1.416SrDNABLASTDNAGenBank,EMBL,DDBJ,PDB()[17],Ribosomaldatabaseproject(RDP,)ARB()16SrDNA.ClustW5.1[18]DNA,.MEGA(Molecularevolutionarygeneticsanalysis1.01)[19],,MEGA(Neighbor-joing-ing)..49172004970m(MalanC)8[16],.,,,,1500bpDNA.,.22.116SrDNAARDRAPCR,,16SrDNA,1.5kb(1),16SrDNA.Priscu,,.,16SrDNA.116SrDNAPCRMDNA;−;1,3050µL1,3050µL16SrDNADNA,210316SrDNA,PCR9416SrDNA.(ARDRA).2,94,11,2,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,1611.,11,70m8[16].3,35,7082m3.3,35mMalanA-86(GenBank:AJ293827),99%;70mMalanC-21Flavobacteriumxijianggensesp.nov.(AF433173)100%;MalanC-37Marinobactersp.(U85863)100%;82mMalanD-1011ElbeElbeRiversnowisolateIso11(AF150689)[20]GlacialicebacteriumG50-TB2(AF479352)TaylorDomeGlacialicebacte-riumM3C1.8K-TD8(AF479380)(100).MalanA-86,D-1011Gamma-Proteobacteria...64mMalanB-2648,72%.MalanA-21101(82%).35mMalanA-7,GenBank82%.16SrDNA16SrRNA94%~97%([21]),,.3,1764~1616SrDNAARDRA(Hae),.,MalanC-13AgriculturalsoilbacteriumSC-I-27(AJ252627)100%.MalanC-p45MalanA-38GKS2-164(AJ290028)100%99%,CFB(Cytophaga-Fla-vobacterium-Bacteroides).CFB,,[22~24],70m.,,.,.,CFB,.195,:Alpha-,Beta-,Gamma-Proteobacteria,CFBOthereubacteria.ProteobacteriaCFB[2,13,23].2.2,,,/.,“”(3MGB).,.41,.4,4α,β,γ-Proteobacteria(35m);β-Proteobacteria(64m);γ-Proteobacteria,CFB,Marinobactersp.,Agriculturalsoilbacterium(70m);γ-Proteobacteria(82m).,,.4,β-Proteobacteria3564m;γ-Proteobacteria35,7082m;CFB3564m.[10],,.5(a)102m()δ18O.,C1,C2,W1W2,4[3].5(b),C1C28235m,W16470m“”.[3].5(c),“”,1766α:AlphaProteobacteria;β:BetaProteobacteria;γ:GammaProteobacteria;Mar:Marinobactersp.;Agr:Agriculturalsoilbacterium;CFB:Cytophaga-Feavobacterium-Bacteroides,.,“”..Poglazova[24]Vostok3541~3611m,,...[25],-.,C235m(60~100µm),.,,[3].5,“”,,“”..,,,.(),,,.“”,116SrDNA/ma)b)c)MalanA-77.44Aminomonasminovorus(AY027801)MalanA-2114.88Ochrobactrumanthropi(AJ242578)MalanA-869.25Halomonassp.BYS-1(AY062217)35MalanA-10118.510Unculturedbacterium(AY274164)MalanB-2640.08Aquabacteriumsp.(AF089858)64MalanB-4860.012Pseudomonaslanceolata(AB021390)MalanC-226.2316Flectobacillussp.(AF182020)MalanC-3716.3910Marinobactersp.(U85863)70MalanC-P1Rd)6.564Flavobacteriumsp.(U85888)MalanD-1060.012Acinetobacterjohnsonii(AF188300)82MalanD-1140.08Acinetobactersp.(AY055373)a);b)ARDRA;c)BLASTGenBank;d)70m,1492r,(a)[3];(b)[10];(c)“”(/)(“”1“”),“”.3,,16SrDNA,99%;16SrDNA,72%~82%,.,“”.,.,CFB,.41916SrDNA5,:α,β,γ-Proteobacteria,CFB.“”,,,.,“”().,.,,,...(:1768)(2001CCB00300)(2001CB711001)(KZCX2-SW-118).1AbyzovSS,MitskevichIN,PoglazovaMN.MicrofloraofthedeepglacierhorizonsofcentralAntarctica.Microbiology(Mos-cow),1998,67:66~732ChristnerBC,ThompsonE,ThompsonLG,etal.Recoveryandidentificationofviablebateriaimmuredinglacierice.Icarus,2000,144:479~485[DOI]3,,,..,2003,23:193~1994ThompsonLG,Mosley-ThompsonE,DavisME,etal.Holo-cene-latePleistoceneclimaticicecorerecordsfromQing-hai-Tibetanplateau,Science,1989,246:474~4775,,,..,B,1994,24(7):766~7736YaoT,ThompsonLG,Mosley-ThompsonE,etal.Climatologicalsignificanceoftheδ18OinnorthTibetanicecores.JGeophysRes,1996,29:531~5377YoshimuraY,KohshimaS,TakeuchiN.Himalayanice-coredatingwithsnowalgae.JournalofGlaciology,2000,46(153):335~3408AbyzovSS,MitskevichIN,PoglazovaMN,etal.MicroflorainthebasalstrataatAntarcticicecoreabovetheVostoklake.Ad-vancesInSpaceResearch,2001,28(4):701~706[DOI]9GavaghanH.Lifeinthedeepfreeze.Nature,2002,415:828~830[DOI]10ZhangXJ,YaoTD,MaXJ,etal.MicroorganismsinaHighAl-titudeTibetGlacierIce.FoliaMicrobiol,2002,47:241~24511YoshimuraY,KohshimaS,OhtaniS.ACommunityofSnowAlgaeonaHimalayanGlacier:ChangeofAlgalBiomassandCommu-nityStructurewithAltitude.ArcticAntarticandAlpineResarch,1997,29:126~13712TakeuchiN,KohshimaS,FujitaK.SnowalgaecommunityonaHimalayanglacier,GlacierAX010EastNepal:relationshipwithglaciersummermassbalance.BulletinofGlacierResearch,1998,16:43~5013PriscuJC,AdamsEE,LyonsWB,etal.GeomicrobiologyofsubglacialiceaboveLak