低镍不锈钢生产中的若干冶金学问题_徐匡迪

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,200072),,,,TG142171AMetallurgyIssuesonProductionofLowNickelStainlessSteelsXUKuangdi,GAOYulai,ZHAIQijie(SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,ShanghaiUniversity,Shanghai200072)ABSTRACTHighnitrogenandlownickelstainlesssteelsexhibitattractivepropertiesashighstrengthandductility,goodcorrosionresistanceandreducedtendencytograinboundarysensitization.Meanwhile,theproductcostcanberemarkablyreducedthroughsubstitutingcheapnitrogenforexpensivenickel.Thedevelopmentofstainlesssteelindustryinourcountryandtheworldhasbeenbrieflyreviewed.Inparticular,theeffectofnitrogenonthepropertiescombinedwiththetechnologiestoaddnitrogenintostainlesssteelsareanalyzed.Finally,themetallurgyissuesduringtheproductionoflownickelstainlesssteelsaresystematicallypresented.KEYWORDSlownickel,highnitrogen,stainlesssteel,metallurgy1201912902%19501995100t1400t,612%1952,,1998100t,2001230t,2002320t,2003,420t,,,Ni,,,Ni,Ni1938,,,,[1],NiMnNNi,[24]C,N[57]:(1)N,;(2)N,NiNi;(3);(4)NC,;(5);(6),;:2004204216,:,,[e-mail]©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(7),AISI200300200%350%;(8),2GPa,,,,,,,,,,2Niö211Fe2CrN,,,,,,[8]Y1Ustinovshikov[9]NFe2Cr,019%113%N1150,80%90%,(1)1(b)CrN,,Fe218Cr2111NFe219Cr2113N1200,1150,100%CrN(2)Fe215Cr2110N1200(3(a)),3(b)Fe218Cr2111N1250,2h1,11150Fig11Microstructureofstainlesssteelsas2quenchedfrom1150inwater(a)Fe219Cr2113N;(b)Fe218Cr2111N21200Fig12Microstructureofstainlesssteelsas2quenchedfrom1200inwater(a)Fe218Cr2112N;(b)Fe219Cr2113N3Fig13Microstructureofstainlesssteelsas2quenchedinwaterfromdifferenttempreature(a)Fe215Cr2110N1200;(b)Fe218Cr2111N12502h239©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[9],:112%113%,;,400GP,;,;18210212Ni,,G1Bregliozzi[10],11Table1Chemicalcompositionofthehighnitrogenstainlesssteel%CrNiMnSiMoNPSC16151107111401121100130010220100301037A1A2,215Lm3715Lm4,:,,,;,,:,,A1D1Schino[11](HN)AISI3044Fig14Relationbetweenthecavitationcorrosionandthegrainsize,2HN,,(generalcorrosionresistance),Mn,HNAISI304HNH2SO42FeSO4,,,,Cr,,2HNAISI304,10%FeCl36H2O,,,,,,,,,213Cr2AISI304Table2Chemicalcompositionofthestudiedstainlesssteels%CrNiMnSiMoNPSCHN1815110711140112010080137010220100301037AISI30418148160115016101060010201019010030103537:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[12]:NNH+4,;N,Cl-;;N;N,,NH3:N+3H2O+3e-=NH3+3OH-(1),NNH1Hanninen[5],N,,,,NH+4,pH,,Nö,,214MnNNi(Ni)Cr,Cr,,,Ni,Ni,,Mo,MoCrMo,,,[13],,,(pittingresistanceequivalentnumber,PREN):PREN=Cr%+313Mo%+XN%(2)X=1030PREN,,3N160001045%[7],0108%,(0105%0110%)(0110%0140%)(0140%)[1]Ni,MnN,311Nö5Fe2Cr[9],N,Fe218Cr018%,CrN312N,5Fe2CrFig15NitrogensolubilityinFe2Cralloysatstandardpressure439©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[7]:;;(pressurizedelectroslagremelting,PESR);(PMöHIP);,,(1)NFeCrN(8%10%N),CrN(4%10%N),Si3N4(25%30%N)(2)AOD[14]:ln[%N]e-[%N]0[%N]e-[%N]=FVmkNt(3)F;Vm;kN;[%N]e;[%N];[%N]0;t80%AODAOD,AOD,,,[N],(3)NN2,61600N2FeFe[7]N2N,N2200MPa,410%[7]1997(STX21)ESR()61600N2FeFeFig16NitrogensolubilityinliquidFe2basedalloysat1600asafunctionofnitrogen2gaspressure,5MPa,N[15]313N(1),,,,M1R1Ridolfi16%18%Cr[6],,,,,,,,,,(2)CrMnTiMo[6]16007[7]TiZrVNb,Cr,,TiZrVNbMnMnNi,20%[9,12]57:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1),,,(2)Ni,(3)AOD,N2Ar,,,,,,,,1,11,2001,13(1):303512SchnioAD,KennyJM,BarterM.HighTemperatureResistanceofaHighNitrogenandLowNickelAusteniticStainlessSteel.JournalofMaterialsScienceLetters,2003,22:691693.3BregliozziG,SchnioAD,KennyJM.InfluenceofAtmosphericHumidityandGrainSizeontheFrictionandWearofHighNitrogenAusteniticStainlessSteel.JournalofMaterialsScience,2004,39:14811484.4SchnioAD,KennyJM,SalvatoriI.ModellingPrimaryRecrystallizationandGrainGrowthinaLowNickelAusteniticStainlessSteel.JournalofMaterialsScience,2001,36:593601.5HanninenH,RomuJ,IlolaR.EffectsofProcessingandManufacturingofHighNitrogen2containingStainlessSteelonTheirMechanical,CorrosionandWearProperties.JournalofMaterialsProcessingTechnology,2001,117:424430.6RidolfiMT,TassaO.FormationofNitrogenBubblesduringtheSolidificationof16%18%CrHighNitrogenAusteniticStainlessSteels.Intermetallics,2003,11:13351338.7SimmonsJW.Overview:High2nitrogenAlloyingofStainlessSteels.MaterialsScienceandEngineering,1996,A207:159169.8,,11(),2002,23(3):727519UstinovshikovY,RutsA,BannykhO.MicrostructureandPropertiesoftheHigh2nitrogenFe2CrAustenite.MaterialsScienceandEngineering,1999,A262.8287.(19)639©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.