不锈钢薄壁零件选区激光熔化制造及影响因素研究

381Vol.38,No.120111CHINESEJOURNALOFLASERSJanuary,2011不锈钢薄壁零件选区激光熔化制造及影响因素研究杨永强罗子艺*苏旭彬王迪(,510640),Dimeta-l280(SLM),SLM,,,96.95%,;20m;101.3m,142.0m,21.3m22.0m,;,465~625MPa,390~515MPa,23%~48%;;;TN249;TF124Adoi:10.3788/CJL201138.0103001StudyonProcessandEffectiveFactorsofStainlessSteelThin-WallPartsManufacturedbySelectiveLaserMeltingYangYongqiangLuoZiyiSuXubinWangDi(SchoolofMechanicalandAutomotiveEngineering,SouthChinaUniversityofTechnology,Guangzhou,Guangdong510640,China)AbstractFortherapidmanufacturingofthin-wallparts,theprocessexperimentsofselectivelasermelting(SLM)havebeencarriedoutonDimeta-l280system.Theinfluencefactorssuchaslaserpower,scanningspeed,powderpreparingsetting,defocuslengthandpowderlayerthicknessareexperimentedandanalyzed,thenagroupofoptimalprocessparametershavebeengotten.Intheexperiment,avariablecross-sectionthin-wallpartwithdensityof96.95%hasbeenproduced.Theresultshowsthatthemetallurgicalbondinglayerbylayerisexcellentinthethin-wallpartwheninvestigatedinscanningelectronmicroscope;ItisshownthattheminimumabsoluteerrorinthewallthicknessofmanufacturingpartsusingtheSLMequipmentisabout20m.ThetopandbottomthicknessoftheSLMpartwallare101.3and142.0m,respectively,andthedifferencesbetweendesignedandSLMpartare21.3and22.0m,respectively,whichareidenticalwiththeminimumabsoluteerror.Tensilestrengthtestshowsthatthetensilestrengthis465~625MPa,yieldstrengthis390~515MPa,andelongationis23%~48%.Keywordslasertechnique;selectivelasermelting;thin-wallparts;stainlesssteelOCIScodes350.3390;350.3850;310.3915:2010-05-05;:2010-07-22:2007()(2007Z1-D6091)2010(2010A090200072):(1961),,,,E-mail:[e-mail]*E-mail:[e-mail]1,;,,[1,2],;[3,4],0103001-1,,,,[5],,[15],,0.05~0.50mm(LAM),LAM,,[1,2]0.4mm;[6];[7];[8],0.62mm,3.5mm(SLM),K.A.Mumtaz[9]550WNdYAG0.49mm,9mInconel625;JuergenJ.Brandner[10]SLM80m1.4404SLM,,,SLM100%,[11,12]SLM[13],SLM[1418],,SLM[13][19];,,,,ENISESLMSLM,SLM,,SLM2Dimeta-l280200W,1090nm,M21.2,f-,50m5m,,,,11Dimeta-l280Fig.1SchematicsdiagramofDimeta-l280SLMrapidprototypingsystem-500(25m)316L,1Q235,100mm100mm10mm,,pc=pp0100%,(1)p0(7.98g/cm3),p,0.0001gBS2245,p=WairPH2OWair-WH2O,(2)WH2O,Wair,PH2O(1g/cm3)ZEISSspectrum,0103001-2:5,VHX-600E1316L(,%)Table1Chemicalcompositionof316Lstainlesssteel(massfraction,%)ElementsValuesFeBalNi11.93%Cr16.7%Mo2.02%Mn0.42%Si0.90%C0.035%P0.029%S0.032%33.1,P=100W,v=200mm/s,e=25m,s=0.06mm,0,,2,2,Z,JSM-5910(SEM)2Table2MeasurementofthepartsTopthicknessoftheSLMpart/mBottomthicknessoftheSLMpart/mSpecimenheight/mSurfaceroughnessRa/mRelativedensity/%Measured(average)101.3142.0487.63096.95%Design80.0120.0500.0Difference21.322.0112.42(a),(b)Fig.2Thin-wallpartsanddimensions.(a)thin-wallparts,(b)dimensionsofparts3.23(a),(b)SEM,,,,,,,3(c),(d)SEM,,,,;,,,,2,21.3m3.32;,,,410mm,20m,,;,,5,,,;0103001-33(a),(b);(c),(d)Fig.3SEMimagesofsurfaceandlateralofpart.(a),(b)surfaceofpart;(c),(d)lateralofpart4Fig.4Relationshipbetweenabsoluteerrorandwallthickness5Fig.5Relationshipbetweenrelativeerrorandwallthickness,;,,,,;,4,SLMCAD,,,,,4.1SLM,,,,,,0103001-4:,;,,,,,,,6;,,;,,,,,,,,6Fig.6Relationshipbetweenscanspeedandmeltwidthunderdifferentlaserpowers4.2,,,,6,,7,,,,,,,,7(a),(b),,7(a)P=120W,(b)P=90WFig.7Effectofscanningspeedonsingletrack.(a)laserpoweris120W,(b)laserpoweris90W4.3,,,,,,,,,,,8,,,,,9,8Fig.8Panemanufacturedwithordinarypowderpreparingsetting0103001-59Fig.9Panemanufacturedwithoptimalpowderpreparingsetting4.4Dimeta-l280,,,21m[20],[21]-3~+3mm,;,,;,,,,,,0SLM,,,[22],,,,5,,10,113,465~625MPa,390~515MPa,23%~48%,[23],;,;SLM,,,,1m,SLM,,;SLM,,,,,;,SLM,,,-(Hal-lPetch)s=0+kd-1/2,(3)0k,d,s[24],2~3,,10Fig.10Tensilespecimen11Fig.11Tensiletestresults0103001-6:3Table3TensiletestresultsTestnumberTensilestrength/MPaYieldstrength/MPaDegreeofstretching/%PartsprotorypedbySLM159050526246539023362551548447539024Casting4801754061),;SEM,,;20m;101.3m,142.0m,21.3m22.0m,Dimeta-l2802),,,;;3),SLM465~625MPa,390~515MPa,23%~48%1LiuJichang,LiLijun.Experimentalstudyonfabricationofthin-wallmetallicfeaturesbylasercladding[J].ChineseJ.MechanicalEngineering,2004,40(10):185188,.[J].机械工程学报,2004,40(10):1851882LiuJichang.Modelofwallthicknessofthepartformedbysingle-passlasercladding[J].MaterialsScience&Technology,2005,13(1):99102.[J].材料科学与工艺,2005,13(1):991023WangXibin,XieLijing.Technicalstatusandprogressinhighspeedcutting[J].ChinaMechanicalEngineering,2000,11(1-2):190194,.[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(1-2):1901944ZhangWei,XuJiawen.Studyonnumericallycontrolledelectrochemicalmachiningofthin-wallaluminiumalloyintegralcomponents[J].Electromachining&Mould,2007,(4):6163,.[J].电加工与模具,2007,(4):61635ZhangChong,YinDongping.Manufacturingtechnicsofthin-wallparts[J].ElectronicsProcessTechnology,2008,29(1):4042,.[J].电子工艺技术,2008,29(1):40426ShiLikai,GaoShiyou,XiMingzheetal..Finiteelementsimulationforlaserdirectdepositingprocessesofmetallicverticalthinvallparts.thesimulationfortemperaturefieldduringdepositingprocesses[J].ActaMetallurcicaSinica,2006,42(5):449453,,.[J].金属学报,2006,42(5):4494537XiMingzhe,ZhangYongzhong,ShiLikai.Numericalsimulationof3Dtransienttemperaturefield