什么是人际关系和人际沟通

1Chapter6RoleRelationshipPatterns2whatkindsofoutlinearethemostimportantinthechapter?RoleRelationshipPatterns3BasicConceptsDefinitionsRelatedTermsPersonalInterpretationsofRoleSocietalInterpretationsRoleEffectsofAlterationinRolePerformanceonOthersOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns4ApplicationsProfessionalNurseRoleTypesofProfessionalRolesRoleSocializationRoleStressSelf-awarenessintheProfessionalRoleOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns5ClientRolePatient'sBillofRightsRolePerformanceasaNursingDiagnosisSupportiveInterventionsDevelopingNewSolutionsSummaryOUTLINEp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns6Whataretheobjectivesoflearningorstudyinginourlesson?RoleRelationshipPatterns7Attheendofthechapter,thestudentwillbeableto1.Defineroleandroleperformance2.Describethefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization•3.Discusstheprofessionalrolesofthenurse•4.DiscussthecharacteristicsofthesickroleObjectivesp.108RoleRelationshipPatterns8RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveOne:Defineroleandroleperformance9Whatisrole?Aroleisdefinedasasetofexpectedbehavioralstandardsestablishedbythesocietyorcommunitytowhichapersonbelongs(Creasia,1991).Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns10Whatisrolerelationship?Rolerelationshipsinfluencecommunicationcontentandprocess.Consideryourownrole”asanursingstudentandhowitinfluencescommunicationcontentandprocess.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns11什么是人际关系和人际沟通？人际关系——人际关系是人们通过交流与相互作用而形成的比较稳定的心理关系，反映着个体或群体满足其社会需要的心理状态，其发展变化取决于双方社会需要的满足程度。人际关系外延很广，包括朋友关系、夫妻关系、师生关系、同学关系、同事关系等。内涵是个体之间的心理上的关系，表现为亲近或疏远、敌对或友好等心理上的距离。p.310RoleRelationshipPatterns12什么是人际关系和人际沟通？人际沟通——人际沟通是指人际间的信息交流。可以是面对面的，也可以是非面对面的，可以是语言的，也可以是非语言的，旨在传达思想、交换意见、表达感情和需要等。它包括关系沟通与内容沟通，即每个沟通都包含着一定的内容和确定一定的关系。内容是指沟通中所传信息的实质含义，关系是指沟通各方在沟通中所处的地位和联系方式。p.303p.310RoleRelationshipPatterns13你能举例说明人际关系沟通和内容沟通之间的联系吗？护士：“昨晚我给xx（患者）的药为什么没吃？护患关系内容沟通效果很熟悉成功一般有心理距离但可能成功紧张很难有效，患者家属可能说“我怎么知道？……没吃药到底是谁的责任。”RoleRelationshipPatterns14Whatisroleperformance?Roleperformancereferstoaperson'scapacitytofunctioninaccordwithsocialexpectationsofaparticularrole.Perceptionsofbehavioralstandardsforroleperformancedifferfrombasedoncultural,gender,institutional,andfamilyexpectations;Peoplestillexpectdifferentrolebehaviorsfrommenandwomendespitetremendousadvancesinequalopportunity.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns15Roletransitiondescribeschangesinroleexpectationsthatoccurasdevelopmentallifecrisesorwhenunexpectedlifeeventssuchasillnessorinjuryalterrolefunction.Forexample,newmotherexperiencesasignificantroletransitionwiththebirthofherfirstchild,asdoesayoungathletestruckdowninaballgamewithaspinalcordinjury.Whatisroletransition?Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns16Whatisposition?Positionrepresentsastandardizeddescriptionofaroleandassociatedexpectationsthatmakesitunderstandabletoothersinthecommunityorgroup.Socialpositionrelatestothestatusandidentitythepersonholdsinthecommunity.Theconceptofpositionsometimesplaysaroleinhowhelpingprofessionalsrespondtoclients:theysometimestreatclientsinhighpositionsdifferentlythanthosewithnomoneyorlowsocialstatus.Definitionsp.109-110RoleRelationshipPatterns17Whereasitisimportantforthenursetorecognizedifferencesinpositionasrelevantfactorsinsupportingclientintegrityandself-esteem,nursesneedtoviewallclientsasveryimportantpersons,treatingthemallwiththesamerespectandgivingthemallqualitycareregardlessofposition.Definitionsp.109-110Whatisposition?RoleRelationshipPatterns18RoleRelationshipPatternsObjectiveTwo:Describethefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization19Unlikeotherformsofeducation,thenursingstudentmustsimultaneously(同时地)adjusttolearningnewmaterialwhilestartingonthejobtraininginwhichthestakes(风险)arehigh.Cohenidentifiedfourgoalsofprofessionalsocialization(seeBox6-4).Whichisthefourcomponentsofprofessionalrolesocialization?ProfessionalNurseRolep.114-115RoleRelationshipPatterns20Box6-4.StepsintheSocializationProcessLearnthetechnologyoftheprofession:thefacts,skills,andtheory.Internalize(使内在化)theprofessionalcultureFindapersonallyandprofessionallyacceptableversionoftherole.Integratethisprofessionalroleintoalltheotherliferoles.RoleRelationshipPatterns21Box6-4.StepsintheSocializationProcess学会专业技能：专业法规、技术和理论。与专业文化融为一体。找到就个人和职业而言都可接受的角色类型。把职业角色整合到所有其它生活角色中。RoleRelationshipPatterns22ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNursePurpose:Tohelpyoufocusonyourself-developmentasaprofessionalnurseRoleRelationshipPatterns23ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNurseProcedure:Writethestoryofhowyouchosetobecomeanurseinaone-totwo-pageessay(maybedoneasahomeworkassignment).Therearenorightorwronganswers;thisissimplyyourstory.Youmayusethefollowingasguidesindevelopingyourstory.RoleRelationshipPatterns24ExerciseLookingatMyDevelopmentasaProfessionalNurseProcedure:1.Whatareyourreasonsforchoosingnursingasaprofession?2.Whatfactorsinfluencedyourdecision;people,circumstances,orsituations?3.Describeyourvisionofyourselfasanurse.4.Whatfearsdoyouhaveaboutyourabilitytofunctionasaprofessionalnurse?5.Howdoyouthinkbeinganursewillaffectyourpersonallife?R