螺杆钻具使用手册 Chinese and Engkish

上海奥森油田服务有限公司ShanghaiOceanOilfieldServiceCo.DownholeMotor---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11、前言上海奥森油田服务有限公司为渤海石油有限公司（天津）钻井部提供螺杆钻具设备服务，与此同时联同各油田、科研院所，在消化国内外先进技术，结合我国国情的基础上，开发和制造出多种型号的螺杆钻具，能为油田提供满意服务。本手册主要介绍螺杆钻具的性能和使用要求以及注意事项，便于用户更好地了解我公司的钻具，结合钻井的需要，选好、用好、维护好钻具，发挥其应有的技术性能，提高钻井经济效益。2．螺杆钻具工作原理螺杆钻具是以泥浆为动力的一种井下动力钻具。泥浆泵泵出的泥浆液流经旁通阀进入马达，在马达进出口处形成一定压差推动马达的转子旋转，并将扭矩和转速通过万向轴和传动轴传递给钻头。螺杆钻具的性能主要取决于螺杆马达的性能参数。3．螺杆钻具的组成螺杆钻具由旁通阀、马达、万向轴和传动轴四大总成组成（如图1）1、IntroductionShanghaiOceanOilfieldServiceCosuppliedDownholeMotortoDrillingDepartmentofBohaiOffshoreOilCompanyLTD.(Tianjin),onbaseofmasteringforeignanddomesticadvancedtechnologyandlinkingChinanationalsituation,hasdevelopedandmanufacturedsometypesofscrewdrillsincooperationwithoilfieldsandscientificresearchinstitutes.Withthem,wemayprovidesatisfactoryservicestotheoilfields.Thismanualmainlyintroducesscrewdrillproperty,applicationandcautions,soasforthecustomerstoknowwellourscrewdrills,andtodobetterselection,application,repairandmaintenanceofscrewdrillaccordingtodrillingdemand.Asaresult,ourscrewdrillmaybringintoplayinitsreliabletechnicalfunction,toenhancedrillingeconomicefficiency.2、PrincipleScrewdrillisakindofdownholedynamicdrillingtooluponthepowerofdrillingmud.Mudstreamfromtheoutletofmudpumpflowsthroughaby-passvalveintothemotor.Thisstreamproducespressurelossatbothinletandoutletofthepump,topushtherotorintorotating,andtotransmitthetorqueandspeedontothebit.Thescrewdrillpropertymainlydependsuponitspropertyparameters3、ConstitutionScrewdrilliscomposedoffourassembliesofby-passvalve,motor,cardanshaftanddriveshaft(Fig.1).上海奥森油田服务有限公司ShanghaiOceanOilfieldServiceCo.DownholeMotor---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23．1旁通阀总成它有旁通和关闭两个位置（如图2），在起下钻作业过程中处于旁通位置，使钻柱中泥浆循环绕过不工作马达进入环空，这样起下钻时泥浆不溢于井台上。当泥浆流量和压力达到标准设定值时，阀芯下移，关闭旁通阀孔，此时泥浆流经马达，把压力能转变成机械能。当泥浆流量值过小或停泵时，所产生的压力不足以克服弹簧力和静摩擦力时，弹簧把阀芯顶起，旁通阀孔又处于开启位置。3．2马达总成它由定子和转子组成。定子是在钢管内壁上压注橡胶衬套而成。橡胶内孔是具有一定几何参数的螺旋。转子是一根有镀铬硬层的螺杆。转子与定子相互啮合，是用两者的导程差而形成的螺旋密封线，同时形成密封腔。随着转子在定子中的转动，密封腔沿着轴向移动，不断的生成与消失，完成其能量转换，这就是螺杆马达的基本工作原理。马达转子的螺旋线有单头和多头之分（定子的螺旋线头数比转子多1）。转子的头数越少，转速越高，扭矩越小;头数越多，转速越低，扭矩越大。图3是几种典型马达配合的截面轮廊：3.1By-passValveAssemblyIthastwopositionsofby-passandclose(Fig.2).Itisinby-passpositionduringtripoperation,circulatesmudfluidinthedrillstringintotheannularspaceby-passingtheidlemotor,sothatnomudmaysprayoutontotheplatformduringthetripoperation.Whenmudflowrateandpressurereachthesettingvalue,thevalvestemmovesdownandclosesthevalve.Meanwhile,mudstreamflowsthroughthemotor,andconvertsthepressureenergyintomechanicalenergy.Asmudflowrateistoolow,ormudpumpstops,andasthecreatedpressureisnotenoughtoovercomespringforceandstaticfrictionforce,thespringpressesthestemupward,andby-passisinopenposition.3.2MotorAssemblyItconsistsofstatorandrotor.Statorismadebysqueezingrubbersleeveonthewallofsteeltube.Thereformsspiralstructurewithacertaingeometricparameter.Rotorisacrome-platedscrewrod.Statorandrotormatcheswitheachother,toformspirallineandsealcavitythroughtheirguideraildifference.Withrotorrunninginthestator,thesealcavityismovingalongitsaxialdirection,continuouslyformsanddisappears,tocompleteitsenergyconversion.Thisisthebasicprincipleofscrewdrill.Spiralseallineonrotorisdividedintosingleendandmulti-end(statorwithonemoreendthanrotor).Thelessendsthemotorhas,thehigherspeedandthelowertorqueis.Themoreendsithas,thelowerspeedandthehighertorqueis.Fig.3showsthesectionalprofileofseveraltypicalmotors.上海奥森油田服务有限公司ShanghaiOceanOilfieldServiceCo.DownholeMotor---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3马达定子一个导程组成一个密封腔，也称为一级。每级额定工作压降为0.8Mpa,最大压降为额定工作压力的1.3倍，如四级马达，额定压降应为3.2Mpa,最大压降为4.2Mpa。压降超过此值马达就会产生泄漏，转速很快下降，严重时会完全停止转动，甚至造成马达损坏，用户应特别注意。为了确保马达的密封效果，转子与定子之间的配合尺寸与不同井深的温度有关,因此在选择钻具时应尽可能准确地提供给厂家钻具应用场所的井温情况，以便推荐使用松紧配合状态适合的马达。现场使用的泥浆流量应在推荐的范围之内,否则将影响马达效率，甚至马达磨损加快。马达的输出扭矩与马达的压降成正比，输出转速与输入泥浆量成正比，随着负载的增加，钻具的转速有所降低，因此在地面只要根据压力表控制压力，根据流量计控制泵的流量，就可以控制井下钻具的扭矩和转速。3．2．1中空转子马达为了增加钻头的水马力和泥浆的上返速度，将转子加工成为带喷咀的中空转子。此马达的总流量应等于流经马达密封腔流量和流经转子喷咀流量的总和，每种规格的马达都有其推荐的最大和最小流量值。如果流量过大，转子会超速运转，定子和转子会出现提前损坏，如果流量过小，马达将停止转动。因此在选择转子喷咀尺寸时，应确保马达密封腔流量始终保持或高于最小推荐流量值，这样才能使马达正常运转。Aguiderailformsasealcavityinmotorstator.Thisiscalledonestage.Whentheratedworkingpressureofeachstagelowsdownto0.8Mpa,themaximumpressurelosswillbe1.3timesoftheratedpressure.Foranexample,for4-stagemotor,theratedpressurelossshallbe3.2Mpa,maximumpressurelossshallbe4.2Mpa.Asthepressurelossisoversuchvalue,motormaybringaboutleakageandspeedwillquicklyslowdown.Moreseriously,itmaycauseoperationintocompletestop,evencausethemotortobedamaged.Thisisthecautionforthecustomers.Inordertoensurerotorsealingoodcondition,thematchingsizebetweenrotorandstatorrelatescloselytodepthtemperature.Therefore,correctdownholetemperatureshallbeprovidedtothemanufacturerforreliableselectionofappropriatemotor.Theactualmudflowrateisrequiredintherecommendedrange.Otherwiseincorrectflowratemayaffectthemotorefficiency,evencausespeedingupmotorwear.Motortorqueispro