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1INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEGlobalExperiencewithFinancialIncentivestoPromoteBuildingandEquipmentEnergyEfficiencyDrPaulWaideSeniorPolicyAnalystIEAEnergyEfficiencyandEnvironmentDivision12May2005,Beijing,ChinaPaulWaideIEA2005512INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEContentofpresentationContentofpresentationllInternationalenergyefficiencytrendsInternationalenergyefficiencytrendsllllRationaleforenergyefficiencypolicymeasuresinthebuildingRationaleforenergyefficiencypolicymeasuresinthebuildingsectorsectorllllFactorstoconsiderforfinancialandfiscalincentivesFactorstoconsiderforfinancialandfiscalincentivesllllSomeEuropeancasestudiesSomeEuropeancasestudiesllllSummaryandconclusionsSummaryandconclusionsllINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEWhathasenergyefficiencydoneforWhathasenergyefficiencydoneforus?us?OFENERGYUSEINIEACOUNTRIESOilCrises&ClimateChallengesActualEnergyuseandHypotheticalEnergyUsewithoutIntensityReductions,IEA-1149%Exajoules1974197619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998HypotheticalEnergyUsewithoutSavingsActualEnergyUse020406080100120140160AdditionalEnergyUsewithoutIntensityDeclines=EnergySavingsWithout25yearsofenergysavings,energyconsumptionwouldhavebeenalmost50%higher25OFENERGYUSEINIEACOUNTRIESOilCrises&ClimateChallengesSectorIntensitiesandTotalEconomyEffect,IEA-111973energyintensityeffects=100%1974197619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998FreightTransportPassengerTravelTotalServiceHouseholdsManufacturing50%60%70%80%90%100%110%Energyintensitydeclineshaveslowedinallsectorssincethelate1980s80OFENERGYUSEINIEACOUNTRIESOilCrises&ClimateChallengesActualEnergyUseandEnergySavingsJapanUSEUR-81973energyUse=100%ManufacturingServiceHouseholdsPassengerTravelFreightTransportTotalManufacturingServiceHouseholdsPassengerTravelFreightTransportTotalManufacturingServiceHouseholdsPassengerTravelFreightTransportTotalActualEnergyUseAdditionalEnergyUsewithoutIntensityReductions142%120%112%61%59%59%0%50%100%150%200%250%300%Totalenergysavingsacrossthethreeregionsaresimilar,butthereareimportantdifferencesbysector32OFENERGYUSEINIEACOUNTRIESOilCrises&ClimateChallengesEnergyUseinServiceSectorbyFuel,IEA-11Totalfinalenergy(exajoules)1974197619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998OilGasCoalBiomassDistrictHeatElectricity0246810121416Energydemandintheservicesectorhasrisenstrongly,mainlyelectricityOFENERGYUSEINIEACOUNTRIESOilCrises&ClimateChallengesResidentialEnergyUsebyFuelIEA-1115102005BiomassDistrictHeatElectricityGasCoalOilTotalfinalenergy(exajoules,climate-corrected)1974197619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998Modestgrowthinenergyusewithelectricityandnaturalgasinthedriver’sseatOFENERGYUSEINIEACOUNTRIESOilCrises&ClimateChallengesChangesinCO2EmissionsbySectorandEmissionSharesbySector,IEA-11CO2-1.5%-1.0%-0.5%0.0%0.5%1.0%1.5%2.0%2.5%1973-19901990-1998Averageannualpercentchange(%/yr)10%0%30%20%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%197319987%16%14%24%39%10%21%18%23%29%ManufacturingHouseholdsTravelFreightServiceBut,servicesandfreightremainthefastestgrowingemissionsourcespost-19901990INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEWhathavewebeendoingWhathavewebeendoingforenergyefficiency?forenergyefficiency?INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEBuildingenergycodesBuildingenergycodes––since1974since197419741974llEuropeanandNorthAmericancountriesintroducedEuropeanandNorthAmericancountriesintroducedprescriptive(componentprescriptive(component--based)standardsfornewbuildingsbased)standardsfornewbuildingsllØØMainlyaddressedthermaltransmissionlossesMainlyaddressedthermaltransmissionlossesØØØØMainlydefinedlimitsintermsoffinalenergyperunitareaMainlydefinedlimitsintermsoffinalenergyperunitareaØØllMostlymandatory,butUSregulationsaresetonastatebasisMostlymandatory,butUSregulationsaresetonastatebasisandvarywidely&Japanappliesvoluntaryguidelinesandvarywidely&JapanappliesvoluntaryguidelinesllINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEBuildingenergycodesBuildingenergycodes––since1980since1980’’ss19801980llOthercountriesfollowedsuit(Australia,Brazil,China,exOthercountriesfollowedsuit(Australia,Brazil,China,ex--USSR,USSR,HK,Japan,Jamaica,NZ,Philippines,Singapore,SriLanka,TaiwaHK,Japan,Jamaica,NZ,Philippines,Singapore,SriLanka,Taiwan,n,Thailand,Vietnam)Thailand,Vietnam)llllSomeEuropeanandNorthAmericancountries/statesextendedSomeEuropeanandNorthAmericancountries/statesextendedrequirementstoinclude:requirementstoinclude:ll//ØØMajorrenovationsMajorrenovationsØØAllbuildingtypes(notjustresidential)Allbuildingtypes(notjustresidential)ØØPerformancePerformance--basedlimitsapplyingtowholebuildingbasedlimitsapplyingtowholebuildingØØMultiplecomplianceroutesMultiplecomplianceroutesØØPrimaryasopposedtofinalenergylimitsPrimaryasopposedtofinalenergylimits3INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYAGENCEINTERNATIONALEDEL’ENERGIEInternationalleadershipinbuildingcodesInternationalleadershipinbuildingcodesllCalifornia,EU,RussiaandnowChinaforlightingCalifornia,EU,RussiaandnowChinaforli