太阳能制冷空调研究与实践

20081082zzzzz31.49kW2000h/a2.23kW4zzzzzzzzzz514%65%15%6%1.5/15%401.5/15%406zzzzz78Summaryofcommonlyavailabletechnologies20kW1.1150CPCcollectorConcentratedsolar/gasdoubleeffect5kW6h0.5~1.245-95Vacuumtubeorflatplate,aircollectorSoliddesiccant10kW6h0.7~1.345-70Vacuumtubeorflatplate,aircollectorLiquiddesiccant15kW100kW5kWcapacity23h3h6hTimeforcooling0.60.40.4COP88655585Tem.VacuumtubeVacuumtubeorflatplatecollectorVacuumtubeorflatplatecollectorcollectorSingleeffectabsorptionTwo-stageabsorptionadsorptionMethod9102134567811ElectricityproductionExp.deviceAlternatorCompressorPumpCondenserBoilerTurbineEvaporatorCondenser12GeneratorEvaporatorCondenserEjectorPumpExp.deviceSolarCollector1314zzzzzz15zzzzz161-()/1718Two-stageLiBrwaterabsorptionchiller70kWtwostageabsorptionchillerGuangzhou,China,19941920384.7kW2.73COP0.0721Banyulsz130z52kWzz1322ThefirstsolarabsorptioncoolingprojectsinShenzhen,China(1987)Coolingpower:14kWChiller:JapanYasakiSingleeffectRequiredwatertemperaturefromcollectoris8823SolardriventwostageabsorptioncoolingprojectinJiangmen,Guangdong,China(1997)zsolarflatplatecollectors:500m2zHotwater:75;zchilledwater:9zCoolingcapacity:100kWzAuxiliaryheatsource:Oilboiler24SolarabsorptioncoolinginGuangzhou,China(2002)Coolingcapacity:10kWAbsorptionchiller:twostage2512001234TianpuSolarabsorptioncooling+heatpumpprojectBeijing,China(2003)zsolarevacuatedtubecollectors:1018m2zHotwater:75-90;zchilledwater:12-15zCoolingcapacity:200kW26SolarabsorptioncoolinginBeijingSolarenergyinstitute360kWsolarcoolingproject(heatpipesolarcollector)SolarcoolingProjectinQingdao27Solar+wasteheatabsorptioncoolingprojectinQingDaoOlympicscenterzsolarflatplatecollectors:600m2zHotwater:75-90;zchilledwater:12-15zCoolingcapacity:600kWzAuxiliaryheat:wasteheatfrompowerstation28zzzzzzzzzzzzzz290.4COP2-220V-50Hzt1.5MPa0.6MPa0.6MPa0.6t/h3.6ºC85t/h5ºC32t/h1.5ºC10kW8.5¾2‡5585oC‡‡303132¾265m215kW390m225kW¾150m2¾SWAC-10¾19100140m2530m233¾56.3171.7368.42¾0.20m/s,0.12m/s¾1504603/15¾60%.34355010kW5010kW36Solargraincooling(adsorptionchiller)(2005)(almostthesameaslastyear)37Solaradsorptioncoolingingraindepot(2006)Yangzhou(2006)Suqian(2006)38Freiburg39InofitaViotias27002350kW3350kW403zzz65120zzz41PerformanceofdesiccantcoolingCOP=0.546OurworkistoimprovetheCOPbynovelsystemconfigurationanduseofnewmaterials42HeaterHeater2EC1EC2DW1DW2HE1HE2#1#2#3#4#5#6#8#10#9#743‡60oC80oCCOP1‡‡44Sintra45Freiburgz100z10200m3/h)z46:10kW::4047300m300m2248Mataro494zzzz,,z,(5585),50(213456785110kWSolarNextAG525COP0.71.153zCOP9zCOP1z15-20z9g/kgdryair5455ImprovementinsolarcollectorsEvacuatedglasstubewithsuperconductivityheatpipeFlatplatesolarcollectorHightemperaturesolarcollectorabsorberCPCsolarcollector56PressurizedsolarhotwatersystemandselectivecoatingTwocyclessolarhotwatersystem57z100z10z58z2030.z1987.z2004.z.z2030.z1987.z2004.z.59560/1261zzzzzzzzzz62zzzzz63zÎÎÎzÎÎÎ6465zzzz66zzzzzz67z2700w/m2)4.914007849000.35103.510006835000.2552.16005821000.15100W/m21.5COP3h(kW)COPsolar(80)68MAGNETICHEATING,REFRIGERATIONANDPOWERCONVERSIONPeterW.EgolfPhD,ProfessorInstituteforThermalSciences,UniversityofAppliedSciencesofWesternSwitzerland:10915:00-16:30:AF210¾PhDinlowtemperaturephysicsstudyingsurfacewavesonsuperfluidHe-II¾heatingandairconditioningengineerandphysicist¾workedinseveralindustrialRa&Dlaboratoriesinfluiddynamicsandthermodynamics¾presidentofMagneticRefrigerationpartyofIIF-IIR¾woneightscientificprizes,e.g.theSwissTechnologyAwards70