科研人员年龄与绩效关系研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文科研人员年龄与绩效关系研究姓名：刘莹申请学位级别：硕士专业：企业管理指导教师：廖建桥20061027I145-4923:IIAbstractIntheknowledgeera,theaccumulationandapplicationofknowledgeandinformationisthemajorincentivestoeconomydevelopment.Comparedwithknowledgeapplication,knowledgecreationisevenmorevaluable.Researchersaretheprimarysourceofknowledgeinnovation.Inthisstudy,weexaminedfactorswhichhavesignificantrolestoplayinknowledgecreationprocessofresearchers.Firstwesummarizeliteraturesonageandresearchproductivity.Itshowsthatagehasavaryingimpactonjobperformancewithindifferentcareerdomainanditismuchmorecomplicatingwithregardtoknowledgeworkers.Lifecyclemodel,cumulativemodel,socialnetworkmodelandhumancapitaltheoryfurthersuggestthatseveralpotentialcorrelatesofresearchproductivityincludeage,subjectarea,gender,institutionaltypeandcollaboration.Thenweconductanempiricalstudywithcross-sectionaldataonresearchersinHumanitiesSocialScienceandManagementfields.Itturnsoutthat1)theperformancepeakageofresearchersisbetween45and49;2)researchersareheavilyclusteredinfewmajorinstitutionsandgeographiclocation,especiallyinsocialsciencedomain;3)thegenderofresearchhassignificanteffectontheperformanceofresearchers.Finally,implicationforhumanresourcemanagementandfutureresearchdirectionarediscussedintheendofthepaper.Keyword:KnowledgeWorkerResearchProductivityAge______111.121──“”2121OECD“”1.221.31.3.112341.3.2322.1(Borman&Motowidlo,1993[1],2.22.2.1ability(motivation)(context)(opportunity)[2-3]Rhodes(1983)[4]Schmidt1986[5]2.142.12.2.2-S-R[6](1)fluidintellectualabilities—“Gf”(2)crystallizedintellectualabilities—“Gc”[7]GfGf20[7]GcGc[8][9]Morrow(1994)[10]Meinz(2000)[11][12]52.2.3Slocum1985)[13]deadwoodRhodes(1983)[4]Clark1996[14]UEvansGilbert1984[15]—[16]Warr(2001)[17]Gross(1997)[18]Bourne(1982)[19]Katz2002[20]2.2.4KanferAckerman2004[21]GfGcGf30Gc6f2.22.2aGfbGcKanfer.R.&Ackerman.P.L.(2004).Aging,adultdevelopment,andmotivationRhode1983[4]SparrowDavies1988[22],[23][24]2.2.52040601057WaldmanAvolio(1986)[25]professional(non-professional)McEvoyCascio1989[26](r=.07)Ali&Davis(2003)[27]U40/20452.1/Ilmakunnasetal.(1999)Na3882Nb=27918140CrponetNa=7786825,25-3258al.(2002)Nb30000004,35-49,493450Hægeland&Klette(1999)Na7122Nb=2706363015(30)Hellersteinetal.(1999)Na3102Nb=12846035,35-54,545555Anderssonetal.(2002)Na287416293039404950596064645050(NaNb)U3040Avolio(1990)2.3[28]92.3Avolioetal.(1990)Ageandworkperformanceinnon-managerialjob2.2.6U2.320503840424446482525-2930-3940-5454102.3.1701)Leham1953[29]170304040Simonton1988)[30]21.75028.939.7Kyvik(1990)[31]4549603055596055Wanner(1981)[32]19721973112030405040,2.22030Adams,1946;Denneis,1966;Lehman,1953;Mounlin,1955;Roe,1972;Simonton;VanHeeringgen&Dijkwel,198740Horner1986;Lehman,1953;Over,1982;Zusne,19764050Fulton&Trow,1974;Hermann,1988;McDowell,1982;Zhao&Jiang,1986ZuckermanMetron1972[33],12,,Kyvik(1990)[31]2)Cole1979[34]6101947195049725U6080RobertA.Davis,1954;Eagle,1974;Haefele,1962Abt1983Bayer&Dutton,1977;Blackburn,Behymer,&Hall,1978;Pelz&Andrews,1976,Stern,1978PelzNIH():40,505445,4[35],,19862002132002[36]2.4Pelz,D.C.,&Andrews,E.M.(1976).ScientistsinorganizationsSimonton1988[33]ThomasEdison(Simonton1990)HarryMarkovitzRobertMundellDouglassNorthGiusppeVerdi(CesareMarchetti2002)[37]10305070303034353940444549505454142.5ThomasEdisonSimonton,D.K.(1990)Psychology,Science,andHistory:AnIntroductiontoHistoriometry,NewHaven,CT:YaleUniversityPress3)Clemente1973[38]19702205ClementeDalen1999[39]1969199830Simonton1994[40]20272.62.6Simonton,D.K.(1994).WhoMakesHistoryandWhy••15Simonton1997[41]1234)562.72.716D.K.Simonton1997CreativeProductivity:APredictiveandExplanatoryModelofCareerTrajectoriesandLandmarksp(t)=c(e–at–e–bt)p(t)t20,t=0e2.718abc=abm/(b–a),m2.3.2PrestigeModel,Crane1965[42]Crane1970[43]196319662020Reskin(1977)[44]19551961238Crane1965[43]AllisonLong1990[45]17919611975Merton(1968)[46]CumulativeAdvantageMertonColeCole1973AllisonStewart1974Allison.,LongKrauze198217MattewEffectPrice1963[47]6Lotkan1/n2PriceKKAllisonStewart1974[48]1947AllisonLongKrauze1982[49]1955196123919571963Arora,DavidGambardella1998[50]2.3.3Price(1963)[47]InvisibleCollegePriceBeaver1966;Faust,199718Price1963[47]Eaton(1999)[51]197719961215Hudson1996[52]1950JournalofPoliticalEconomyAmericanEconomicReview6%8199339.654.9%Newman(2004)[53]19951999MedlineBayerSmart1991[54]196062150LeeBarry(2005)[55]443192.3.4LongZuckerman1977[56]NobelHunterKuh1987[57]2.3.5AnnRoe1973[58]()ColeCole1973[59]Simonton1988[33]3840McDowellDiamondDiamond(1986)[60]20UStephanLevin(1992)[61],EvaKatz2002[62]2.3.6Helmreich1982[63]66.98%33.02%YuXie(1998)[64]19691973198819936060%,80907580MauleónBordons2005[65]33319962000SCIICYT214059.KyvikTeigen1996[66]Stack2004[67]NationalResearchCouncil199511231KatarinaPrpić2002[68]8402000O'Rand,AngelaM2004[69]Over1989[70]1985SSCI15564()2.3.7222333.1PeriodEffect198013.2,,,,243.31Over1989[70]23452002-20042544.14.1.12001~20051124791101076474576713%15%12%14%22%24%4.13771021758147982.4410217.56122,15983832662714.1.25815225910.154.107.5526.513.253.229.86117147617260645122211274.24.1.344.3447.8340.02