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29120051()JournalofXiangtanUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialSciences)Vol.29No.1Jan.,2005X,(,100872):,,1906,,,(Input)(Output),,(Outcome):;;:D035:A:1001-5981(2005)01-0001-071906,,:(GeertBouckaert)(NegulasyHenley)(PublicProductivityinRetrospective),,:(1900-1940)(1940-1970)(1970-1980)(1980-1990)[1],,;,1990(NicholasHenry)(PublicAdminis2trationandPublicAffairs),:(1900-1940)(1940-1970)(1970-1980)(1980-1992)(1992-)[2],,,;;,1980s,1970-1980,,,:,(1900-1940),,,,,;,(1940-1980),,;,(1980-2000),,;,,1X:20041010:(1949-),,,,(1976-),,,,©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(1900-1940)1920,,(Fred2erickW.Taylor),1911,,,,,,,,,,,[3],,1887,/,:,,[4](P1),,(Gulic,1937):,,,,[5],1906,(Bruere)(TheNewYorkBureauofMunicipalRe2search),:(1);(2);(3);(4)[6],1907,,,3:,/(Inputs);,(Outputs);,,,(Outcome)[7],1914,,,:1912(theCommitteeonE2conomyandEfficiency)1916(BrookingsInstitute),(),,1927,(ClarenceRidley)(Measur2ingMunicipalActivities),,,,,,,,,1929-1930,(M.Walker)3160,1937,()(thePresidentsCommitteeonAdministrativeManagenent,ortheBrownloowCommittee),:,2©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[8]1930,(Simon)(Ridley),,;,[9],,,[10],,,1900-1940,,1920s:1920,;1920,;,,,,,;,,(),,(1940-1980)204070,,,;,,,,,(1947)(Planning-Programming-Budgeting-Sys2tem,1965)(ManagementbyObjectives,1973)(Zero-BaseBudgeting/ZBB,1977),,,,,(1980);,(1980)[11],,,,,()(TheFirstHooverCommission,1947),,,1947(TheFirstHooverCommission)1947,,()(Outputs),,270,196,[12]1955,,,:,,,:,(Outputs),;,,,,3©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,;;,()(Planning-Pro2gramming-Budgeting-System/PPBS),1965,,(PPBS),,,/,:(1);(2)/;(3),,,:,,;,,;,,[13],,,,,,,()(Management-by-Objectives/MBO,1973),,(MBO)(BureauoftheBudget/BOB)(OfficeofMan2agementandBudget/OMB),,,(MBO),(MBO),;,,,(Nixon,1973),(Inputs)/(Out2puts),(Outcome),/(Objectives)(Out2come),(Outcome),,,()(Zero-BaseBudgeting/ZBB,1977)2070,,,,1978,:;;,,[14],,,1979,,[15]4©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.:,/;,,;,,,,,,,,,[16],,2040-80,:,,,;,/,;,,,,2070,,[17],/,,(1980-2000)2080,,DRIP,[18],,,,,[19],802090,(1995):,2090,,,2070,1992,,,,,,,1993,,:()(GovernmentPerformanceandResultsAct/GPRA,1993),,,:,;,();,;,;,(2070);,,5©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.GPRA,,()(NPR),,19933,(NPR),,19939,,:(FromRedTapetoResult:CreatingAGovernmentThatWorkBetterandCostLess,),,384,294:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5)[20],(),,19401980,,,,,(OfficeofManagementandBudget/OMB)(GeneralAccountingOffice/GAO)(OfficeofPersonnelManage2ment/OPM),,,,!;,:,2080;GPRA,GPRA,();,GPRA,GPRA,,[21];,GPRA,,,;,GPRA,,,,,1999,;1993,25.21080,20005,28.61370(,,21.7340,GAO,1999.7),1993GPRA,;,,(GASB)(NAPA)1996,,,5047;83%6©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.44%;65%31%[22](Poister)199925000,,23%[23],2090,,,,,:[1]GeertBouckaert.TheHistoryoftheProductivityMovement,Pub2licProductivityandManagementReview,1990,Fall.[2]Henry,Nicholas.PublicAdministrationandAffairs.EnglewoodCliffs,NJ.:Prentice-Hall.2003,P286.[3]Williams,D.W.BeforePerformanceMeasurement.AdministrativeTheoryandPraxis,2002,6,P457-486.[4],.[M].:,1997.[5]Simon,H.MeasuringMunicipalActivity,ASurveyofSuggestedCriteriaandReportingFormsforAppraisingAdministration.ICMA,1938,Chicago.[6]JanetM.Kelly.PerformanceBudgetingForStateandLocalGov2ernment.M.E.Sharpe,Inc.2003,P29.[7]Williams,D.W.MeasuringgovernmentintheEarlyTwentiethCentury.PublicAdministrationReview,2003,6,P643-659.[8]AdministrativeManagementintheGovernmentoftheUnitedStates,1937,P.3.[9][10]Ridley,ClarenceE.andSimon,HerbertA.TechniqueofAp2praisingStandards.PublicManagement,1937,2.[11]JanetM.Kelly.PerformanceBudgetingforStateandLocalGov2ernment.M.E.Sharpe,Inc.2003,P24.[12]GAO/AIMD-97-46PerformanceBudgeting.[13]AllenSchick.CapacitytoBudget.WashingtonDC:UrbanInsti2tutePress,1990,P26.[14]PatriciaW.Ingraham.TheFoundationofMerit.TheJohnsHop2kinsUniversityPress,1995.P75.[15]DallW.Forsy.TheManagingPerformanceinAmericanGovern2ment.TheRockefellerInstitutePress.2001,P7.[16]ThomasP.Lauth.Zero-BasedBudgetinginGeorgia:MythandReality,1980,P12.[17]GeorgeFriderickson.SpiritofPublicAdministration,1996.P198.[18]TheodoreH.Poister.PerformanceMeasurementinMunicipalGovernment:AssessingtheStateofthePractice.PublicAdministrationReview,1999.P325.[19]Dineen.ProductivityImprovement:ItsOurTurn.TheBureau2crat,1985,P10.[20]Rogers.Garry.NationalPerformanceReviewsgovernmentrein2vention.Dissertation,2000,P25[21]GAO/AIMD-97-46Perfor2manceBudgeting.[22]KatherineWilloughby,TheStateoftheStates:Performance-BasedBudgetingRequirementsin47outof50.PublicAdministrationReview,1998,P66.[23]Poister,T.H.&Streib,G.Performancemeasurementinmunici2palgovernment:Assessingthestateofthepractice.PublicAdministra2tionReview,1999,59(4),P325.:TheEvolutionofAmericanGovernmentPerformanceMeasurementZHULi-yan,ZHANGQiang(SchoolofPublicAdministration,RenminUniversity,Beijing100872,China)Abstract:ReviewingthehistoricaldevelopmentofAmericanGovernmentPerformanceMeasurement,wefoundthatitbeganorigi2nallythepracticeoftheNewYorkBureauofMunicipalResearchfro