_平衡计分卡_与公共行政执行的有效性

X:,,,GDP,::D63:A:1009-5675(2005)02-042-06(BalancedScorecard),10(),(FrederickW.Taylor),,,,,,,,,,,,,1990,(RobertKaplan)(DavidNorton),,:,,[1],199219931996(HarvardBusinessRe2view):(TheBalancedScorecard:MeasuresthatDrivePerformance)(PuttingtheBalancedScorecardtoWork)(UsingtheBalancedScorecardasaStrategicManagementSystem),1996,(TheBalancedScorecard:TranslatingStrategyintoAc2tion),2001:(TheStrategy-FocusedOrganization:HowBal224200512X:,,,100871;,,,100871ancedScorecardCompaniesThriveintheNewBusi2nessEnvironment),,,,,,:(1):(2):(3):,(4)[2](Fortune),,40%75[3](),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:(1)()()(2),,(3)()(),(4),,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,()():,2080,[4],(S.P.Huntington):34200512,[5],1997,:[6][7],,,(G.Myrdal),,,,,[8],,,,,(AdministrationBehavior),(WoodrowWilson)(FrankJohnsonGoodnow)(LeonardD.White),,,,,,,2030,,,,,,,,2070,(NewTownsinTown)(GreatSociety)(programofElementaryandSecondaryEducation),1973(J.L.Pressman)(A.Wildavky):(Implementation:HowGreatExpectationsinWashingtonareDashedinOakland),,,,(),()(),,,,,,207090,,20,,,,,,,,,,2070901.44200512,,;;,,,2.(KeyPerformanceIndica2tion,KPI),,,,,,,GDP,,,,GDP,,,,,3.(Horn-Metersmodel),,[9],,,,,,,,(),10,[10],[11],,,,,1993(GovernmentPer2formanceandResultsAct),,(CityofCharlotte),1972,1990,,,,1994,,1996,820%,(Phoenix),26,,,(Brisbane)(TheLondonBoroughofBarkingandDagenham),2090,,199911(BalancedScorecardRe2port)(TheBalancedScorecardforPublic-SectorOrganizations),54200512,2000(JamesB.Whittaker)(BalancedScorecardintheFederalGovernment),2002(JournalofHealthcareManagement)(ApplyingtheBalancedScorecardinHealthcareProviderOrganizations),2003(TheBalancedScorecardInstitute)(ImprovePublicSectorResultsWithABalancedScorecard:NineStepstoSuccess),92003(PaulR.Niven)(BalancedScorecardStep-by-StepforGovernmentandNonprofitAgencies),,,,,,,25,,,(),25,,,2080,,,GDP,()(),GDP,,,[12],,[13],,,,,,,,,,,[14][15][16],,,,,:,,;,[17],,,[18],,,,,,,,()64200512,:,,,,:[19],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1]TheBalancedScorecardInstitute.WhatistheBalancedScore2card?ww.balancedscorecard.org.[2]RobertS.Kaplan&DavidP.Norton.Usingthebalancedscorecardasastrategicmanagementsystem.HarvardBusinessReview,1996,74(1).[3][]:,,,2003[4]PeterB.Evans,DietrichRueschemeyer,ThedaSkocpol.Bringingthestatebackin.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1985.[5][]:,,,1988,1[6][7]:1997,,,1997,11[8][]:,,,,1991,215[9]D.S.VanmeterandC.E.VanHorn,ThePolicyImplementa2tionProcess:AConceptualFramework.AdministrationandSociety,1975,6(4).[10][11]RobertS.Kaplan&DavidP.Norton.:,ARC,,2001,206[12]::,,2003929()[13]:,,20026[14]:?,,200412[15],(),2004515()[16]:,,,(),20051201[17]:,,,(),2004312[18]:,,,200453118[19]:,,200482:74200512