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Failureondrillstring钻柱断裂破损钻柱断裂破损PresentedbyFrancoisKesslerFailuresondrillstring钻柱断裂破损原因•Fatigue=approx.70%ofthefailures.疲劳断裂=约70%因此原因断裂•Stringdesign管柱的设计管柱的设计•Handling.使用操作•Environment环境–Corrosion腐蚀–Formation岩层Fatigue疲劳断裂•Mostcommonfailuremode最常见的断裂破损形式•Initiationofthefailurealwaysperpendiculartotheaxisofrotation断裂的起始线始终与旋转轴垂直断裂的起始线始终与旋转轴垂直•Happeninstressedregionand/orinnotch(Lastengagedthread,slipsmarks,changeofcrosssection,etc…)在受力区域和/或者凹槽中疲劳断裂（最后接合的螺纹、卡瓦痕、横截面转换处等等）Fatigueinborebackconnection背面连接疲劳断裂•Drillcollarsarepronetodevelopfatiguecrackattheconnectionboreback/lastengagedthread.钻铤易在背面连接/最后接钻铤易在背面连接/最后接合的螺纹处产生疲劳断裂•Calledtwistoff所谓的扭裂（扭断）Fatigueinthebox母扣疲劳断裂压力易疲劳断裂的薄弯曲易疲劳断裂的薄弱点弯曲APIBendingstressratioAPI弯曲强度比值•Balancedconnection:Zb=2.5Zp平衡连接Zb=2.5ZpBSR抗弯强度比值•2.75to2.25to1isusuallyacceptable.通常2.75:2.25:1的比值是可以的•3.40to1willperformsatisfactorywithlowtorqueconnection低扭矩时3.40:1的比值会比较好低扭矩时3.40:1的比值会比较好•3.00to2.50to1isrecommendedinabrasiveformation在腐蚀性地层推荐采用3.00:2.50:1的比值•AvoidH90connectiononsmallDC.避免短钻铤H90连接。Coldroll冷轧•Fibersincompressionaftercoldrollaftercoldroll冷轧后压力结构滚动FatigueResistantConnection抗疲劳断裂接头设计•Earlyfatigueweakpoint易最先产生疲劳断裂的薄弱点ElevatorShouldercrackonDC钻铤吊卡台肩上的裂缝•Causes:成因-Abruptcrosssectionchange横断面转换突变-Stressconcentration压力集中-Corrosiveenvironment腐蚀性环境HWDPfatigue加重钻杆疲劳断裂Happenatcrosssectionchange发生在横断面转换处Calledwashout即通常所说的冲蚀（冲毁）TypeofHWDP加重钻杆的种类常规三螺旋螺旋加重Lengthofconnections接头长度Pinweakfatiguefailure公扣薄弱疲劳断裂-未上紧-耐力（耐久性）有限FiniteElementAnalysisofconnection接头的有限元分析母扣公扣最低最高压力级LowStressConnection低压力连接Stringdesign钻柱设计•Exceedmechanicalpropertiesofthedrillingstring超出（优于）钻柱的机械性能•Taperedstring.锥形钻柱BellBoxes钟形（锥形）母扣•Cause:excessivetorque.起因：过度扭矩起因：过度扭矩Tubefailure管体破损断裂•Exceedtensilelimit.超出拉力极限•Exceedtension/torsioncombined/torsioncombinedloading大于扭力及拉力的联合施力Pinweakovertorque公扣无法承受扭矩•Cuptypepinfailureduetoovertorque杯形公扣因扭矩过度断杯形公扣因扭矩过度断裂•Calledtwistoff通常所说的扭断Eccentricwear偏磨损•Cause:pipesrunincompression.成因：管子在压力作用下旋转•Bentpipe弯管弯管•Inverticalwells:checkBHAweight在垂直井中：检查底部钻具组合的重量•indeviatedwellscheckcriticalbucklingload.在斜井中：检查压曲临界载荷Taperedstring锥形钻柱TaperedBottomHoleAssembly锥形井眼下部•RuleofThumb(nomorethan2”diameterchangeon90ft)依经验（90英尺变化不超过2”直径）•Stiffnessratioorsectionmodulusis:momentofinertia/radiusto•Stiffnessratioorsectionmodulusis:momentofinertia/radiustoouterfiber刚度比值或断面模数为：转动惯量/外层结构半径–maximumstiffnessratiobetweendrillpipesandcollar:5.5钻杆与钻铤之间最大刚度比值：5.5–forseveredrillingconditionsratio=3.5恶劣钻探条件下的比值=3.5Handlingdamages装运（操作）损坏•Shouldergalling:台肩磨损•Doping有杂质（上丝扣油）有杂质（上丝扣油）•undertorque扭矩不足•overheatbyfriction因摩擦过热Handlingdamages装运（操作）损坏•Washoutintheconnection接头冲毁•Shoulderdamageswhile•Shoulderdamageswhilestabbing下管入井时台肩受损•Insufficienttorque扭矩不足Handlingdamages装运（操作）损坏•Slipsdamages卡瓦损坏TongDieMarks大钳牙板痕•Detrimentaltocasing对套管不利对套管不利•increasewearontooljoint使钻具接头磨损加剧Bentpipes弯管•Makeuporbrakeoutheight上紧或卸开的高度上紧或卸开的高度•storageandtransportation存储和运输Handlingdamages装运（操作）损坏•Threaddamages丝扣（螺纹）损坏•checkdoping,speedtomakeup,alignmentwhilemakingupup,alignmentwhilemakingup检查上丝扣油、上紧速度、上紧时是否校直调准•breakinprocedures在使用过程中破裂损坏•antigallingtreatment抗磨损处理Handlingdamagedunclassified其他装运（操作）损坏Environmentdamages环境损害•Corrosion:H2S,CO2,etc…–useinhibitors腐蚀：H2S,CO2等腐蚀：H2S,CO2等•Mud:PH,solidscontent泥浆：PH,固相含量•Formation.岩层，地质构造FailureconditionsinH2SH2S(酸性）环境下破损断裂的条件•FailureinH2Srequire4conditions:在H2S（酸性）环境下破损断裂需具备4个条件–H2SEnvironmentH2S（酸性）环境–Stress–Stress压力–MaterialsensitivetoH2S材质对H2S的敏感性–TimeofexposuretoH2S暴露在H2S中的时间H2SassistedfailureH2S使破损断裂速度加快-钢的颜色-典型的裂缝分支走向Corrosion腐蚀•Pitting麻点腐蚀、锈斑•Galvanic电（化学腐）蚀•Erosion•Erosion风蚀、冲蚀•Crevice裂缝腐蚀•Exfoliation球形风化，页状剥离Formationdamages岩层破坏•Mechanicalwear机械磨损机械磨损Formationdamages岩层破坏•Wearondiameterchange直径转换的磨损直径转换的磨损•useofhardfacing耐磨带失效（耐磨带渐渐消失）Washoutinthetube管体冲蚀•Corrosion/mudPH腐蚀/泥浆PH(酸碱）腐蚀/泥浆PH(酸碱）•Geometryofthetube管体的几何形状Thankyou!谢谢！谢谢！