A-B变频器培训资料(Copy)

Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.罗克韦尔自动化变频器应用王卫锋Tel:029-88152462E-mail:[e-mail]©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2Rockwell自动化传动业务•北美第一•全球领先Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.3主题•主题：1.变频调速系统基础1.变频调速系统基础2.变频器外围设备选用2.变频器外围设备选用3.变频器安装及接线规范3.变频器安装及接线规范4.罗克韦尔变频器介绍4.罗克韦尔变频器介绍5.变频器常见故障处理方法5.变频器常见故障处理方法Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.4主题•主题：1.变频调速系统基础1.变频调速系统基础•回顾电机基础•PWM交流变频器拓扑结构•控制方式及应用对象•变频器选择•电动机选择Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.5三相异步电动机结构图三相异步电动机结构图三相异步电动机结构图交流电动机基础电动机机壳电动机机壳电动机机壳转子/轴承转子转子//轴承轴承定子绕组定子绕组定子绕组Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.6交流电动机基础定子定子铁芯：由互相绝缘的硅钢片叠成：由互相绝缘的硅钢片叠成定子绕组定子绕组：三相绕组对称分布在：三相绕组对称分布在定子铁芯上定子铁芯上机座：铸钢或铸铁机座：铸钢或铸铁定子铁芯Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.7交流电动机基础－定子绕组Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.8交流电动机基础转子转子注：转子电路必须是闭合的注：转子电路必须是闭合的转子铁芯：转子铁芯：由外周有槽的硅钢片叠成由外周有槽的硅钢片叠成绕线式绕线式鼠笼式鼠笼式转子绕组转子绕组转轴转轴铁芯槽内放铜条，端部用导电铜环将所有铜条短接成一个回路。或铸铝形成转子绕组。鼠笼式转子Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.9交流电动机基础定子作用：定子作用：转子作用：转子作用：鼠笼式电动机与绕线式电动机的的比较：鼠笼式电动机与绕线式电动机的的比较：鼠笼式：鼠笼式：结构简单、价格低廉、工作可靠、使用方便绕线式：绕线式：结构复杂、价格较贵、维护工作量大，适用于要求具有较大起动转矩及一定调速范围的场合产生旋转磁场，并从电网吸收电能。产生旋转磁场，并从电网吸收电能。产生电磁转矩，并输出机械能。产生电磁转矩，并输出机械能。Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.10电机铭牌的功率是在基速下取得的电机铭牌的功率是在基速下取得的P(kWP(kW)=)=T(NmT(Nm)*)*n(rpmn(rpm)/9550)/9550TorqueRPMBaseSpeed100%Power恒转距段恒转距段恒功率段恒功率段交流电动机基础电机铭牌的功率是在基速下取得的，而不是在低于基速时!电机铭牌的功率是在基速下取得的，电机铭牌的功率是在基速下取得的，而不是在低于基速时而不是在低于基速时!!Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.11交流电动机基础n1=60f1/PNn1=60f1(1-s)/PN变频调速：改变电源的频率变极调速：改变电机的极对数改变转差率：绕线电机转子串电阻调速、定子调压调速、串级调速、双馈调速Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.12交流电动机基础磁通Φm恒定基频以下调速基频以上调速磁通增大－电机负载能力降低，功率因数变坏磁通减小－电机在一定负载下有过电流危险1114.44gNmEfNkU1NU1ff1N恒转矩调速恒功率调速Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.13PWM交流变频器拓扑结构Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.14正弦波脉宽调制技术•SPWM脉宽调制三角波发生器调制发生器SPWM电压输出波形输出电流波形Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.15正弦波脉宽调制技术PWM波形实际上就是一组方波直流电压。它直接应用于电动机上。产生频率和电压可变的三相交流波形Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.16V/Hz控制方式斜坡函数发生器V/Hz模式形成控制脉冲发生器压频比控制是简单的开环控制压频比控制是简单的开环控制MCopyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.17如果我们能够分离并且调整如果我们能够分离并且调整电流电流,,电机产生力矩的电机产生力矩的元素，元素，而不仅仅是电机速度。而不仅仅是电机速度。CurrentRegulationallowsTorqueControlCurrentRegulationallowsTorqueControlCurrentRegulationallowsTorqueControl这是矢量控制的前提条件！这是矢量控制的前提条件！矢量控制Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.18••MotorMagnetizingCurrentMotorMagnetizingCurrent--电机磁通电流电机磁通电流••MotorFullLoadAmpsMotorFullLoadAmps--电机额定电流电机额定电流••MotorVoltageMotorVoltage--电机额定电压电机额定电压••MotorBaseFrequencyMotorBaseFrequency--电机额定频率电机额定频率••MotorBase(Slip)RPMMotorBase(Slip)RPM--电机额定转速电机额定转速••MotorHorsepowerMotorHorsepower--电机额定功率电机额定功率CorrectMotorDataisthemostimportantfactorforsuccessCorrectMotorDataisthemostimportantfactorforsuccessCorrectMotorDataisthemostimportantfactorforsuccess矢量变频器－电动机模型建立变频器基于一下参数建立电机模型变频器基于一下参数建立电机模型““MotorModelMotorModel””Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.19PowerFlex变频器的控制方式电压/频率控制Volts/HertzControl(V/Hz)电压/频率控制Volts/HertzControl(V/Hz)无速度传感器矢量控制SensorlessVectorControl(SVC)无速度传感器矢量控制SensorlessVectorControl(SVC)磁通矢量控制FluxVectorControl(FVC)磁通矢量控制FluxVectorControl(FVC)磁场定向控制FieldOrientedControl磁场定向控制FieldOrientedControl无速度传感器矢量控制SensorlessVectorControl(SVC)无速度传感器矢量控制SensorlessVectorControl(SVC)磁通矢量控制FluxVectorControl(FVC)磁通矢量控制FluxVectorControl(FVC)Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.20FluxVectorDrivesactverymuchlikeDCDrivesFluxVectorDrivesactverymuchlikeDCDrivesFieldWeakeningoccurswheneverweexceedMotorBaseRPMFieldWeakeningFieldWeakeningoccurswheneverweexceedMotorBaseRPMoccurswheneverweexceedMotorBaseRPMMagnetizingCurrentisdecreasedaboveMotorBaseRPMMagnetizingCurrentisdecreasedaboveMotorBaseRPMMagnetizingCurrentisdecreasedaboveMotorBaseRPMACDriveBasics-VectorOperationTorqueCurrentMagnetizingCurrent100%90TorqueCurrentMagnetizingCurrent100%9090Copyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.21KeyPointsofUnderstandingKeyPointsofUnderstandingMotorinformation,measuredorprogrammediskeytosuccessMotorinformation,measuredorprogrammediskeytosuccessMotorinformation,measuredorprogrammediskeytosuccess••ErrorsinEncoderFeedbackaffecttheMicroErrorsinEncoderFeedbackaffecttheMicro--ProcessorProcessor••SpeedinstabilitywilloccurSpeedinstabilitywilloccur••EncoderFeedbackSignalsmustbeNOISEFREEEncoderFeedbackSignalsmustbeNOISEFREE••SelectanappropriateencoderforVectorMotoruseSelectanappropriateencoderforVectorMotoruse••PropergroundingisveryimportantPropergroundingisveryimportant••MotorDataprogrammedinthedrivemustbeaccurateMotorDataprogrammedinthedrivemustbeaccurateACDriveBasics-SummaryCopyright©2008RockwellAutomation,Inc.Allrightsreserved.22SVCwithSVCwithV/HzCoreTechnologyV/HzCoreTechnologyV/HzCoreSVCDrivescanoperatemultiplemotorsV/HzCoreSVCDrivescanoperatemultiplemoto