ConservationTraining听力保护培训(全英文)

HearingConservationTrainingEnvironmentalHealthandSafetyUniversityofTennesseeDidYouKnow?About30millionworkersareexposedtohazardousnoiseonthejob.Onein4oftheseworkers(or7.5millionAmericans)willdeveloppermanenthearingloss.Noise-inducedhearinglossisthemostcommonoccupationalhazardforAmericanworkersHearinglossfromnoiseisslowandpainless;youcanhaveadisabilitybeforeyounoticeitIfyoumustraiseyourvoicetospeakwithsomeoneonly3feetaway,youareinhigh(hazardous)noise.Itis100%preventableHearingConservationNoiseConservationisalsocalledtheNoiseStandardandisregulatedbyOSHA(OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration)OSHARegulation(29CFR1910.95)Goal-preventhearinglossassociatedwithhighnoiselevelsatworkNoiseExposureAtWork1.Identifypotentialsourcesofhearingloss2.Learnhowtopreventhearinglossatwork3.Meetregulatoryrequirements4.ThepurposeofaudiometrictestingandhowitworksThispresentationwillcoverthefollowingtopics:NoiseExposureatWorkHowisNoiseMeasured?Noiselevelsaremeasuredindecibels(dB)DecibelsarenotlinearmeasurementsThedifferenceinenergybetween100decibelsand110isnot10%-actuallyis100timesthesoundlevelpressureEffectsofexposuretoloudnoiseExposuretoloudnoisewillinevitablycausehearinglossovertime.Oncethenervesoftheinnereararedestroyedordamagedfromexposuretoexcessivenoise,thedamageispermanentLoudnoisedamagesordestroysthenervesintheinnerear.Anothereffectcanbe“tinnitus”orpermanentringingintheear.FactorsAffectingHearingLossThefollowingfactorscanaffecthearingloss:NoiseIntensityorSoundPressureFrequencyorPitchofsoundLengthofDailyExposureDurationofExposureinYearsIndividualSusceptibilityOtherFactors(disease,genetics,lifestyle,age,etc.)WhenisNoiseTooLoud?•Noiseismeasuredinunitscalled“decibels”or“dB”•Iftwopeople3feetapartmustshouttobeheard,thebackgroundnoiseistooloud(above85decibels).•Noiseabove140decibelscausespainandimmediatehearingloss.SignsofHearingLossDifficultyhearingpeoplespeak.Inabilitytohearcertainhigh-pitchedorsoftsounds.Noiseorringinginears.Gettingcomplaintsthattheradioortvistooloud.LongTermExposuretoNoise•Ourearscanrecoverfromshortexposuretoloudnoise,butovertimenervedamagewilloccur.•Thelongerandlouderthenoise,thegreaterchancepermanentdamagewilloccur.•Thereisnosuchthingas“toughears”or“gettingusedtoit”.EffectsofnoisetoinnerearNormalhaircellsNoise-damagedhaircellsHaircellsininnereartransmitnoisesignalstothebrainTinnitusFromNoiseExposure•Exposuretohighnoiselevelscanalsocausepermanentringingintheearor“tinnitus”.•Tinnitussufferersusuallycomplainofconstantwhistling,squealing,roaringorbuzzinginoneorbothears.•Severetinnitusmaydisruptsleep,reduceconcentrationandcauseirritabilityanddepression.WhatisTooMuchNoiseExposure?•Damagefromnoiseexposuredependsontheloudnessandlengthofexposure.•Scientificstudieshaveshownthathearinglosscanoccurwhen8-houraveragenoiseexposureexceeds85decibels.•Theriskofhearinglossincreasesdramaticallyasnoiselevelsincrease.•Exposuretonoiselevelsabove115decibelsforevenfiveminutesisveryrisky.OSHAStandardIf8-houraverageexceeds85dBAthentheemployermust:1.Monitor(measure)exposureandnotifyemployeeoftheresults2.Provideaudiometrictesting3.Providehearingprotection4.Providetraining5.KeeprecordsofmonitoringandaudiometrictestingDailyAllowableExposureTimestoNoiseThetablebelowshowsnoiselevelsandhowlongapersoncanbeexposedwithouthearingprotectionbeforethereisdamagetotheear.NoiseLevelAllowableExposureTime85decibels8hours90decibels4hours100decibels1hour105decibels30minutes110decibels15minutes115decibels0minutesExamplesofCommonNoiseExposuresSourcedBAWhisper20Refrigerator40Conversation60AverageTV74Blender80SourcedBAIpod90Woodworking93-120GunShot130-140RidingMotorcycle90SnowMobile120RockConcert140ExamplesofNoisyEquipmentEquipmentNoiseLevelBackHoe85-95decibelsChainSaw110decibelsFront-endLoader90-95decibelsGunshot140decibelsJackhammer112decibelsLawnMower90decibelsTractor95-105decibelsCircularSaw90-100decibelsBelowaresomeexamplesofnoiselevelsofvariousequipmentusedoncampuswithouttheuseofhearingprotection.NoiseLevelsandPermissibleExposureLevelsWithoutHearingProtectionChillerBuildings14hoursRouter97dBA3hourRadialarmsaw105dBA1hourTablesaw96dBA3.5hoursPortablebeltsanderdBA1002hoursBelowisthemaximumamountoftimeapersoncanspendexposedtothisequipmentwithouthearingprotection.ExamplesofNoisyAreasatUTCampusMachineRoomsandChillerRoomsSteamPlantWoodworkingshopsMotorPoolOperatingheavyequipment,suchasbackhoes,bulldozersConstructionequipment,suchas:tablesaws,radialarmsawrouters,beltsanders,drillsLandscapingequipment,suchaslawnmowersandleafblowers.NoiseControlMeasuresTheemployermusttakesomestepstocontrolnoiseexposureintheworkplace,suchas:Identifyingnoisehazardousequipment.UsingEngineering,AdministrativeandHearingProtectiontominimizeoreliminatenoiseexposure.Modifyingthesourceofthenoisesoitisquieter,usingengineeringcontrols.Increasingdistancebetweentheemployeeandthenoisehazard.Limitingworkerexposuretime.Requiringtheuseofhearingprotectiondeviceswhentheabovemeasuresarenotfeasibleand/ordonotdecreasenoiselevelsbelowaTWA-8of85dBA.Enginee