HSE灭火器培训

ADVANCEFIREEXTINGUISHERTRAINING推动灭火器培训Content内容1.Objectives目标2.Introduction引言3.Principleofextinguishingfires灭火器原理4.CombustionVersusexplosion火灾与爆炸5.Portablefireextinguishers便携式灭火器6.OperatingaDCPFireextinguisher操作干粉灭火器P.A.S.S法7.OperatingaCO2Fireextinguisher操作二氧化碳灭火器P.A.S.S.法8.Practicaluse&extinguishingafiremakinguseoftheonemanandteamapproach.实际应用与一人和团体灭火方法1.Objectives目标Togivetheattendeeanunderstandingofthedifferenttypesofhandheldfireextinguishers,trolleyunitsandfixedinstallations为了使参与者了解不同类型的手提灭火器，手推车组件和固定装置。TostresstheImportanceofquickreactionbyonepersonduringtheinitialstageofthefireaswellastheimportanceofteamworkandsafetyduringattackingalargermajorfire.为了强调人在火灾的初步阶段的快速反映的重要性以及在灭重大火灾中团体合作与安全的重要性。Togivetheattendeeanoverviewofthedifferentmethodsandtacticstouseduringextinguishingandcontainingsmallandlargefire.Thismodulewillhelpyoutofightfireswithcomfortwithoutendangeringyourorthatofyourfellowemployees为了让参与者了解在灭小型火灾和大型火灾的过程中的使用的不同方法和策略的概述。此模块将帮助你安心灭火，不会对你和你的同事的生命构成威胁。Content内容1.Objectives目标2.Introduction引言3.Principleofextinguishingfires灭火器原理4.CombustionVersusexplosion火灾与爆炸5.Portablefireextinguishers便携式灭火器6.OperatingaDCPFireextinguisher操作干粉灭火器P.A.S.S法7.OperatingaCO2Fireextinguisher操作二氧化碳灭火器P.A.S.S.法8.Practicaluse&extinguishingafiremakinguseoftheonemanandteamapproach.实际应用与一人和团体灭火方法Introduction引言Fireextinguishersareoneofthemostcommonfireprotectionappliancesinusetoday.Itiswidelyavailableandisfoundinfixedfacilitiesandonfireapparatus.Itisquickandeasytooperateandisexcellentinextinguishingafireintheincipientphase.灭火器是目前最常用的防火设备之一，可以从各种渠道获得，并在固定设施和消防器材里都可找到。操作起来又快又简单，是初期火灾的极好选择。1.WhatisCombustion?什么是燃烧？1.1Combustionisacontinuouschemicalreactionknownasoxidation.Oxidationisalsoknownasrust.Rustisaveryslowoxidationprocess.燃烧是一种持续的化学反应，称为氧化。氧化又称为生锈。生锈是一种非常缓慢的氧化过程。1.2Definitionofcombustion燃烧的定义Combustionisaveryrapid,continuouschemicalchainreaction,whichemitslightandheat.燃烧是一种非常快速的，持续的化学链式反应，它会发出光和热。Nowwehaveaflamebutthisflameneedsfourbasicelementsforitsexistence:(Tetrahedronofcombustion.)现在，我们有一种火焰，但这种火焰的存在需要四个基本要素：（燃烧四面体）Introductioncontinue引言续Tetrahedronofcombustion燃烧四要素Thefourelementsneededforcombustionare燃烧所需的四要素是•oxygen氧气•Heat热量•Fuel燃料•Continuoschemicalchainreaction持续的化学链式反应Oxygen氧气：Combustionisaoxidationprocess燃烧是一种氧化过程Oxygenisneededforoxidation氧气是氧化所需Fireneedsoxygen火需要氧气Oxygenisintheatmosphere大气里有氧气Oxygendoesnotburnbutitsupportcombustion氧不燃烧，但它支持燃烧Heat热量：Allfuelsgiveoffvapour所有的燃料都会释放出蒸气Byaddingheattothefuelevaporationisincreased通过给燃料加热，蒸发量提高Thevapourburnsandnotthefuel蒸气燃烧，而不是燃料燃烧Introductioncontinue引言续FUEL燃料：Fuelcomesin3forms燃料有三种形式：SolidsLiquidsGasses(Fumes)固体液体气体WoodPetrolLPG木材汽油液化石油气PaperDieselAcetylene纸张柴油乙炔PlasticsHTM/HFOMethane塑料传热介质/重燃料油甲烷Chemicalreaction化学反应：Anyflameneedsacontinuouschemicalreactionforitsexistence.Interferencewithitwillcausetheflametodie.That’showaDCP(DryPowderFireExtinguisher)extinguishafire.任何火焰的存在都需要持续的化学反应。干扰---它会导致火焰熄灭。这就是DCP(干粉灭火器)为什么能灭火的原因。Content内容1.Objectives目标2.Introduction引言3.Principleofextinguishingfires灭火器原理4.CombustionVersusexplosion火灾与爆炸5.Portablefireextinguishers便携式灭火器6.OperatingaDCPFireextinguisher操作干粉灭火器P.A.S.S法7.OperatingaCO2Fireextinguisher操作二氧化碳灭火器P.A.S.S.法8.Practicaluse&extinguishingafiremakinguseoftheonemanandteamapproach.实际应用与一人和团体灭火方法Principleofextinguishingafire灭火原理Toextinguishaflame,oneofthecomponentsfromthetetrahedronofcombustionmustberemoved.Toachievethisoneofthefollowingcanbedone.要熄灭火焰的话，必须去除燃烧四面体组成部分之一。为了实现这一目标，可以执行下列操作之一。Cooling冷却法：Allelementsburnprovidedenoughheatisapplied.Ouraimistolowerthetemperaturesbelowthatspecifictemperatureneededtoproduceaflame.所有要素的燃烧都要提供足够的热量。我们的目标就是把火焰燃烧所需的特定温度降低。Starvation饥饿法：Removalofcombustiblesinthecloseproximityofthefireortheremovaloffirefromothercombustiblematerials.移除靠近火的可燃物或者灭掉其他可燃材料上的火。Smothering窒息法：Removingofoxygenfromthefirearea在火灾区域断氧。Thisisaccomplishedby:通过以下来完成：IntroducinganinertgasbyusingCarbonDioxideorseparatingthefuelfromoxygenbyusingfoam.通过使用二氧化碳来引入惰性气体或者通过使用泡沫把燃料和氧气隔绝。Chemicalreaction化学反应法：TheonlywaytointeractchemicallywithafireistointroduceachemicalpowdertoitnormalDrychemicalpowder(DCP)唯一的途径就是与火发生相互的化学影响，即引入化工粉末至正常干粉（DCP）Firesworldwidearegroupedintofourclasses全球性的火灾分为四类。Inordertobeabletoselectandusethecorrectextinguishingagent,afiremustbeidentifiedaccordingtoit’sclass.为了能够选择和使用正确的灭火剂，应该根据火灾类型来辨别火灾。TABLETODETERMINETHEBESTFIREMEDIUMTOUSEDURINGDIFFERENTFIRES在不同的火灾里使用最适合的灭火剂表格Clas分类ExampleatMozal以Mozal铝厂为例子Extinguishingmediumsthatmaybeused可能用到的灭火剂Extinguishingmethod灭火方法APrintingpaper,woodenpallets,Greenpoles印刷纸，木托盘，绿色极Water水DCP干粉灭火器CO2二氧化碳Sand沙Inert-gas惰性气体Foam泡沫CoolingChemical冷却法reaction化学反映Smothering窒息法Smothering窒息法Smothering窒息法Smothering窒息法BHTMTanks,Dieseltanks,Pitchtanks,Hydraulicpiping,LPG&acetylene传热介质箱，柴油箱，沥青箱，液压配管，液化石油气和乙炔Water水（只供消防人员）DCP干粉灭火器CO2二氧化碳sand沙Inert-gas惰性气体Foam泡沫（只供消防人员）CoolingChemical冷却法reaction化学反映Smothering窒息法Smothering窒息法Smothering窒息法Smothering窒息法NB:Neverextinguishtheflameofagascylinder,closethevalveorplugtheleakandkeepthecylindercoolwithwater.Ifpossiblesubmersecylinderinwaterfor48hours.注意：不要灭掉煤气罐